Making of Alexander's Myth and the Politico-Cultural Situation in the Eastern Mediterranean World

研究成果是《亚历山大大帝的普鲁塔克传记》的新译本。选择这部作品的原因是：(1)这是在亚历山大去世4个世纪后写的，它不仅描述了亚历山大的重大事件，而且丰富了亚历山大的日常和个人行为和言论。(3)它记录了相同事件的不同甚至矛盾的传统，并在两侧写下了作者的名字。(4)普卢塔克自己的评论经常反映出帝国早期罗马人的价值观和亚历山大的形象。从这个角度来看，普卢塔克·亚历山大是追踪亚历山大神话从他统治到希腊化时代到英珀利亚罗马的形成和发展的重要来源工作如下：(1)普卢塔克所使用的作品广泛涉及历史，地理、宗教和耸人听闻的故事。最重要的是，他似乎收集了罗马人当时所拥有的所有知识。(2)他认为亚历山大是一位出色的国王和将军，几乎是英雄的复兴。他倾向于过于理想化亚历山大的人格，就像他对波斯皇室女性的态度一样。他不厌其烦地为国王的过错道歉，如杀害同伴。(3)他在神谕和神的保护下，在宗教背景下描述了这次远征，所以他试图以神的名义为亚历山大的行为辩护。另一方面，他对亚历山大认为自己是上帝的儿子持批判态度，这反映了罗马人对神化人类的冷静心态。

The research result is a new translation of Plutarch Biography of Alexander the Great.The reasons of the selecting of this work are following(1) This was written 4 centuries after the death of Alexander, so utilizes many works of the lost historians.(2) It describes not only the important events but also abundantly the daily and personal behaviors and saying of Alexander.(3) It records the different and even contradictory traditions on the same events with the names of authors on each side.(4) Plutarch' own comments often reflect the values and Alexander's images among the Romans in the early Imperial Age.In such a way Plutarch Alexander is an important source for tracing the making and development of Alexander's myth from his reign and through the Hellenistic age to the Imperia Rome.The main features of this work are following.(1) The works utilized by Plutarch widely range from history, geography, religion and the sensational stories. Above all on Orient, he appears to assemble all the knowledge which the Romans then had.(2) He estimates Alexander as an excellent King and General, almost revival of a Hero. He tends to excessively idealize Alexander's personality as in the case of his attitude toward to the Persian royal women. While he tires to apologize the king's faults such as the murder of companion.(3) He describes the expedition in religious context with oracles and divine protection, so he tries to justify the behaviors of Alexander under the name of Gods. On the other hand he takes a critical stance against Alexander's regarding himself as son of God, which reflects the cool mind of the Romans toward deification of the human being.