Inter-regional Comparative Studies on Industry, Academia and Government Cooperation that Encourage Medium and Small Enterprises' Initiative in Industrial Agglomeration Areas

本项目的目的是通过区域间的比较研究，明确产业集聚区鼓励中小企业积极性的产学官合作的现实。本课题的主要内容如下：产业集群理论是研究产业集聚区产业集聚的主导分析工具，它可以从价值链的角度把握产业集聚区的区域，但由于产业集群理论中的区域概念（定义和空间尺度）不明确，很难将其应用于实证研究。日本的IAGC从90年代后半期开始全面转向。1996年的《国家科技计划纲要》在科技政策支持方面具有划时代的意义。文部科学省（前文部科学省）和日本文部科学省在《技术和联络办公室法》政策上的妥协， ...更多信息 f经济产业省（原产业省）加快了政策的完善。虽然文部科学省在国立大学的放松管制政策方面面临着许多问题，但文部科学省坚持了经济产业省的放松管制政策，以推进IAGC，特别是专利放松管制政策和改善研究基金会的竞争环境。另一方面，加强内部AGC有利于那些在企业内部资源不多的中小企业。为了应对创新的竞争，许多中小企业在产品创新和工艺创新方面与IAGC分道扬镳。然而，对IAGC起作用的只是中小企业中的上层企业。许多小企业在没有公共支持系统的情况下无法实施IAGC。我们调查的三个地区（米形县米泽市、长野县奇诺市和东大坂市）的中小企业对IAGC非常感兴趣。然而，作为全国性的趋势，IAGC的试点并没有推广到这三个领域的中小企业。随着三市中小企业间网络的发展和产业集聚的公共扶持政策，三市中小企业在各自的IAGC中得到了发展。特别是，在公共机构中开展各种支持机构间农业和气候变化委员会的活动，对按区域产生不同的机构间农业和气候变化委员会发挥了重要作用。16.中小企业通过不同类型的企业对创新作出了不同的反应。进行试生产和开发新零件的中小企业积极参与IAGC，但以前从事分包业务的中小企业则袖手旁观。因此，加强公共机构对IAGC的支持活动，改变中小企业的经营类型，对促进IAGC的发展至关重要。少

The purpose of this project is to make clear the realities of industry, academia and government cooperation (IAGC) that encourage small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) initiative in industrial agglomeration areas through inter-regional comparative studies. The summary of project is as follows.Industry Cluster Theory, a dominant and analytical tool to investigate IAGC in industrial agglomeration areas, can grasp the areas form viewpoint of the value chains, though it is difficult to apply the theory for what it is (status quo) to empirical studies because concepts of region (definition and spatial scale) in the theory are ambiguous. IAGC in Japan have shifted full swing since the after half of 1990s. The National Plan of Science and Technology (1996) was an epoch-making in the supporting policies. The compromise in policies for Technology and Liaison Office (TLO) Act between Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT, former Ministry of Education) and Ministry o … More f Economy, Trade and Industry (METI, former Ministry of Industry and Trade), have accelerated the improvement of policies. Though MEXT faces in its own many problems for deregulation policies of National University, MEXT has adhered to deregulation policies of METI in order to bring forward IAGC, especially the deregulation policy for patents and the improving competitive environment for research foundation. On the other hand, intensifying IAGC is to the good for SMEs that do not have many resources in intra-firm. In order to deal with the competition for innovation, many SMEs have straggled with IAGC for product innovations and process innovations. What work on IAGC, however, are only the upper class enterprises of SMEs. Many smaller firms cannot work on IAGC without the public supporting systems for them.SMEs in three our investigating fields (Yonezawa City in Ymagata Pref. Chino City in Nagano Pref. and Higashi-Osaka City) have consulted on IAGC with keen interest. As the national trends, however, the trials of IAGC have not spread to the smaller SMEs in the three fields. With the development of inter-firm networks in SMEs and the public supporting policies for agglomerating industries in the three cities, their SMEs have developed in their own IAGC. In particular, various activities for supporting IAGC in public agencies have had an important roll on generating different IAGCs by region. SMEs have made different responses to innovation through IAGC by types of business. SMEs with the trial production and developing new parts have worked on IAGC in a proactive manner, though SMEs with former subcontracting business have sit on their hands. Therefore, it is important for promoting IAGC to intensify activities for supporting IAGC in public agencies and change the type of buisiness of SMEs. Less