Study on Contract under the New Regime of Insolvency Law

近年来，日本的破产法律体系进行了大幅修订。本文研究的重点是新制度下承包商破产对合同法的影响。新的破产法使各种合同当事人的破产情况现代化。然而，仍有一些问题有待解决。首先，现在几乎可以自由地承认房东将未来租金分配给债权人。必须考察处置对社会福利的长期影响。其次，对可执行合同的处理，特别是受托人的解除权范围还有待完善。本研究阐明了一些需要考虑的因素。此外，还要求在许可人破产的情况下对知识产权的被许可人进行保护。本研究考察了一些可能的系统。受托人的回避权亦已修订，以改善在法律程序开始前帮助破产人的一方的地位。这一修改对债权人回避权的影响（民法典第2条）。必须加以分析。本研究澄清了一些问题。最后，将全面修改《日本信托法》（相关法案正在国会审议中）。新法令建立了信托财产破产制度。这项研究考察了一些要点。剩下的每一个问题都涉及一个基本问题，即合同法和破产法之间的关系。为了解决这一问题，我们必须在债务人陷入困境的每个阶段协调一些原则。契约自由、公平、债权人平等、破产制度效率和社会福利是这些原则。

Japanese legal system of insolvency has largely revised in recent years. This research focuses on the effects of insolvency of a contractor on contract law under the new system. The new insolvency law has modernized the situation of insolvency of a party of various contracts. However, some problems remain to be resolved.Firstly, the disposal of future rent by a landlord to his creditor is now admitted almost freely. It must be examined the influences of the disposal for long-term on social welfare.Secondly, the treatment of executory contract, especially, the scope of power of termination of trustee is to be still refined. This research clarifies some factors to be considered. Moreover the protection of licensee of intellectual property in case of bankruptcy of licensor is required. Some possible systems are examined in this research.The avoiding power of a trustee has also been revised in order to improve the status of a party who helped an insolvent before the commencement of proceeding. The influence of this revision on the avoiding power of a creditor (Civil Code art.424) must be analyzed. This research clarifies some problems.Finally, Japanese Trust Act is going to be totally revised (related bills are now under consideration of the Diet). The new Act creates a system of bankruptcy of a trust property. This research examined some points.Each remaining problem concerns a basic problem, that is, the relation between the laws of contract and insolvency. To resolve this problem, we have to harmonize some principles at each stage of debtor in difficulty. Freedom of contract, equity, equality of creditors, efficiency of insolvency system, and social welfare are these principles.