Study on Application of Spreading Fire Simulation in Kanazawa's Built-up Areas

在江户封建时代，金泽的大部分建筑都是用木头建造的，屋顶覆盖着木质瓦片。一旦发生大火，商宅(Mchiya)很容易发生火势蔓延，墙壁相互接触，而武士住宅(Bukey Ashiki)则是阻燃因素，他们的住宅被树木和花园包围。江户时代有记录的大火有68起，其中56.2%是烧毁50至300栋建筑的火灾。这表明一旦火势失控，就没有有效的阻燃系统。在1706年至1867年金泽全面建成的162年间，除最大的一场大火外，每年有近1000座建筑被烧毁，1万所房屋被烧毁。重大火灾主要发生在春季，44.8%的火灾和61.6%的烧毁房屋集中在4、5月份。风向与…的北风、东北风和东风也有较强的趋势。占火灾总数的79.9%。这座城市做出了非凡的努力，通过82个地点的消防塔，专业和志愿消防员的火灾守望活动，以及配备火灾水桶的房屋，使城市防火。火灾的蔓延对真屋地区的破坏更大，因为65.1%的烧毁区域在真屋地区，而武凯阿什基地区相对安全。为了再现江户时代的火灾蔓延过程，我们建立了一个模拟模型，覆盖了当时金泽的大部分地区。该模型成功地模拟了江户时代实际发生的火灾过程和范围。它再现了火灾的过程，因为它们倾向于沿着街道以马契亚线蔓延，并在马契亚地区以同心模式蔓延。该模型还显示，寺庙和武凯阿斯基避免了火灾的蔓延，因为它们的大型庄园和树木起到了阻燃因素的作用。该模型还表明，现代时期的火灾蔓延速度大约是江户时代的一半，这是因为建筑物的耐火性更强，但Bukeyashiki地区除外，因为该地区现在往往更加拥挤。我们的研究证明，火灾模拟模型可以再现江户时代发生的火灾的过程和范围，并将江户时代的火灾与现代时期的火灾进行比较。较少

In the Edo feudal era, most of Kanazawa's buildings were made by wood and covered by wooden roof tiles. Once an extensive fire occurred, merchant houses (Machiya) were prone to the spreading fire with their wall touching one another, and yet Samurai residences (Bukeyashiki) acted as the fire retardant factor with their residences surrounded by trees and gardens.In the Edo period, there were 68 recorded extensive fires and 56.2% of them were fires with 50 to 300 buildings burnt down. This indicates that there was no effective fire retardant system once the fire became out of control. During the period of 162 years between 1706 and 1867 when Kanazawa was built-up to its full scale, close to 1000 buildings were burnt down annually excluding the largest fire with 10,000 houses burnt down. Major fires occurred mainly in spring with 44.8% of all fires and 61.6% of burnt houses concentrated in April and May. The direction of wind also has strong tendency with north, northeast and east wind oc … More cupied 79.9% of all fires. The city made extraordinary efforts to make the city fire resistant by means of fire towers at 82 locations, fire watch activities by both professional and volunteer firemen, and houses equipped with water pails for fires. The spread of fire was more damaging to Machiya areas as 65.1% of burnt areas was in Machiya areas, while Bukeyashiki areas were relatively safe.To reproduce the process of fires spreading in the Edo era, we built a simulation model which covers a major part of Kanazawa at that time. The model successfully simulated the process and extent of fire as it actually occurred in the Edo period. It reproduced the process of fires as they tend to spread along the streets in Machiya lines and to spread in a concentric pattern in Machiya areas. The model also showed that temples and Bukeyashiki avoided the spread of fire as their large estates and trees acted as fire retardant factors. The model also indicated that the pace of fire spread in the modern period is about a half of that in Edo era because buildings are more fire resistant with an exception of Bukeyashiki areas as the areas tend to be more crowded now.Our research has proved that the fire simulation model can reproduce the process and extent of fires that occurred in Edo era and compare fires in Edo era and those in the modern period. Less