Gerüstproteine der Gerste in der Aktinreorganisation und Krankheitsentwicklung

植物对病害的敏感性机制越来越受到科学界和植物育种界的关注。在大麦中，小ROP（RHO of Plants）GTTRARACB是与白粉病真菌大麦白粉病菌（Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei，Bgh）相互作用的易感因子。遗传证据表明，BGH地址大麦细胞骨架通过操纵RACB的功能。然而，真菌所利用的ROP功能的确切机制尚未得到全面了解。大麦基因组的新注释和实验证据表明，大麦表达了五种在叶子中表达的支架蛋白（RIC：ROP-交互和CRIB基序蛋白），这些蛋白直接与RACB相互作用。双子叶植物中的远亲RIC蛋白与ROP一起影响细胞骨架。 该项目的目的是分析大麦RIC蛋白的功能，并了解它们对RACB和BGH介导的大麦细胞骨架重组的贡献。在实验中，我们将展示RACB与单个RIC蛋白以及与酵母和大麦中含有RIC的蛋白质复合物的相互作用。在大麦中的蛋白质的瞬时和稳定的过表达表现出对细胞自主性和整个植物对Bgh的抗性或易感性的贡献。诱导互补的瞬时基因沉默和稳定的RNA引导的核酸内切酶介导的基因功能丧失，并研究它们对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响。 此外，新建立的大麦丝状肌动蛋白细胞骨架的细胞生物学标记将用于研究遗传因素对活细胞中细胞骨架的影响。除此之外，RACB-RIC复合物的新成分将进行生化鉴定和功能测试。遗传和细胞生物学方法的结合将进一步阐明RACB介导的大麦易感性的机制，从而系统地评估叶表达的RIC在易感性和细胞骨架组织中的功能。

The mechanisms of plant disease susceptibility are of increasing interest to the cscientific community and to plant breeding. In barley, the small ROP (RHO of Plants) GTPase RACB is a susceptibility factor in interaction with the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). Genetic evidence suggests that Bgh addresses the barley cytoskeleton by manipulating functions of RACB. However, the exact mechanisms of ROP functions exploited by the fungus are not comprehensively understood. The new annotations of the barley genome and experimental evidence suggest that barley expresses five scaffold proteins expressed in the leaf (RICs for: ROP-Interactive and CRIB motif-containing protein) that interact directly with RACB. Distantly related RIC proteins in dicotyledonous plants, together with ROPs, affect the cytoskeleton. The aim of this project is to analyse the function of barley RIC proteins and to understand their contribution to RACB- and Bgh-mediated reorganization of the barley cytoskeleton. Experimentally, we are going to show the interaction of RACB with individual RIC proteins and with RIC-containing protein complexes in yeast and barley. Transient and stable overexpression of the proteins in barley show the contribution to cell autonomous and whole plant resistance or susceptibility to Bgh. Complementary transient gene silencing and stable RNA-guided endonuclease-mediated loss of gene function are induced and investigated for their effect on the host-parasite interaction. In addition, cell biological markers of the filamentous actin cytoskeleton, which are newly established for barley, will be used to study the influence of genetic factors on the cytoskeleton in living cells. Beyond this, new components of the RACB-RIC complexes will be biochemically identified and tested for function. The combination of genetic and cell biological approaches will further elucidate the mechanisms of RACB-mediated susceptibility in barley, thereby systematically assessing the function of leaf-expressed RICs in susceptibility and cytoskeletal organization.