Disaster Management Functions of Transportation and Telecommunication Systems

这个项目的目的是发展工程和社会经济方法，以便在地震紧急情况下实现运输和电信系统适当水平的灾害管理功能。阪神-淡路大地震发生时，交通和通讯受到严重破坏。关于运输系统，人们认识到将系统作为一个整体进行评估的重要性。讨论交通系统在紧急情况下的性能，不仅需要简单评价始发地对是否连通的连通性可靠性指标，还需要评价交通系统性能的旅行时间可靠性指标。由于一些设备的损坏和公共电话线路的严重堵塞，电信系统的功能严重退化。这种功能退化影响了应急和恢复活动。电信系统本应发挥控制城市系统的作用。与一个器官内的电信系统的鲁棒性相比，器官间电信系统的脆弱性被认为是一个大问题。此外，在实施交通/电信系统的抗震对策以提高系统的可靠性时，需要对投资进行社会经济评价。一个由生命线地震工程、交通系统规划和社会系统分析专家组成的多学科研究小组，正通过勘察实际灾害、网络分析、灾害过程模拟、开发基于地理信息系统的信息管理系统和计量经济学分析，开发方法。

This project aims at developing engineering and socio-economic methodologies for realising appropriate level of disaster management functions of transportation and telecommunication systems under earthquake emergency.Transportation and telecommunication were heavily damaged when Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake occurred. Concerning with transportation systems, importance of evaluation of the systems as a whole network is recognised. Not only connectivity reliability index that simply evaluates whether an origin-destination pair is connected but also travel time reliability index that evaluates the performance of the transportation systems are needed to discuss performance of the transportation systems in an emergency. The functionality of telecommunication systems heavily degraded because of destruction of some equipments and heavy congestion on a public telephone circuit. This functional degradation influenced the emergency and restoration activities. Telecommunication systems should have functioned as a means of controlling the urban systems. Fragility of the telecommunication systems among organs comparing with robustness of telecommunication systems within an organ was recognised as a large problem. Furthermore, in carrying out the anti-earthquake countermeasures for transportation/telecommunication systems to improve the reliability of the systems, the socio-economic evaluation of investment is needed.A multi-disciplinary research team comprising experts in lifeline earthquake engineering, transportation systems planning, and social system analysis is working in the development of methodologies through reconnaissance of actual disaster, network analysis, simulation of disaster processes, development of GIS based information management systems, and econometric analysis.