Vertical Structure of the Equatorial Atmosphere Studied with Sophisticated Lidars

我们开发了一种远程控制的大型复杂激光雷达系统，安装在印度尼西亚。我们观测了赤道地区从平流层上层到热层下层的温度结构，中层顶区的金属原子层，以及对热带积云对流活动起重要作用的水汽的垂直分布。我们的目的是获得对于理解中层顶区复杂的动力学/化学反应过程以及从对流层到低热层的大气耦合过程所必需的观测信息。取得的主要成果如下：(1)研制成功了遥控精密激光雷达，实现了世界首台赤道激光雷达长期观测。(2)从中层顶区钠金属层的观测结果来看，除…外，零星层高度与风切变高度有一定的相关性。更重要的是，有时两者之间没有相关性。结果发现，零星层出现在午夜以后，与风切变无相关性。(3)从平流层和中间层的瑞利激光雷达观测结果证实，平流层和中间层的动能在没有阻尼项的情况下传播到比阿雷西博更高的高度。此外，整个中层的温度高于模型，在75-85公里的平流层顶和中层逆温层出现了双峰结构。(4)QBO激光雷达探测到的平流层气溶胶层上端高度为40~30公里。通过对平流层气溶胶层和卷云的高精度观测，为对流层和平流层之间的物质交换提供了证据。(5)从Mie激光雷达观测结果来看，在10-14公里高度上以20天振荡为主，而在5-8公里高度上以30天和60天振荡为主。这一结果表明，在海拔8公里以上和以下，起源是不同的。(6)拉曼激光雷达观测到夜间对流层水汽混合比存在短周期扰动(周期为10-20分钟)。这种不安通常出现在天气晴朗的夜晚。较少

We developed a remotely controlled large sophisticated lidar system to install in Indonesia. We observed the temperature structure from the upper stratosphere to lower thermosphere in the equatorial region, metallic atom layers in mesopause region, and the vertical distribution of the water vapor which carries an important role on tropical cumulus cloud convection activity. We were aimed at getting the observation information that was indispensable for understanding of the complicated dynamics / chemical reaction process in the mesopause region and the atmospheric coupling process from the troposphere to the lower thermosphere. We summarize provided result as follows; (1)We succeeded in the development of the remotely controlled sophisticated lidar and realized world's first long-term lidar observation in the equator. (2) From the observational result of the sodium metal layer in the mesopause region, sometimes altitude of sporadic layer and the wind shear altitude have correlation but … More sometimes there is no correlation. It is find that the sporadic layer without the correlation with wind shear occurred after the midnight. (3) It was confirmed that kinetic energy propagated without damping to higher altitude than Arecibo, from the Rayleigh lidar observation result of the stratosphere and the mesosphere. In addition, temperature was higher than a model in the whole mesosphere, and double peak structure in the stratopause and mesospheric inversion layers at 75-85km were observed in temperature profiles. (4) The upper end altitude of the stratosphere aerosol layer caught by a lidar linked QBO from 40km to 30km. From highly precise observation of stratosphere aerosol layer and cirrus, the evidence of the material exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere were provided. (5) From the Mie lidar observation, 20-day oscillation was dominant at an altitude of 10-14km, but 30- and 60- day oscillation were dominant at an altitude of 5-8km by the analysis of the cloud occurrence frequency. This result suggests that origin was different above and below the altitude of 8km. (6) The short period perturbation (period of 10-20 minutes) were observed in tropospheric water vapor mixing ratio in the night by Raman lidar. This perturbation was usually seen in the fine weather night. Less