SP9: Multifunctionality and the biodiversity of higher trophic levels

较高的营养水平可对生态系统过程产生重要影响。然而，在生物多样性-生态系统功能研究中，它们被广泛忽视。在这个子项目中，我们将利用最新的方法，高度标准化的评估生物多样性在较高的营养级的类群作为消费者的第一和第二阶以及捕食者。我们将使用一套陷阱和采样系统的节肢动物，结合传统和元条码技术的识别，声音记录器的蝙蝠和鸟类的自主物种识别和新的成年人和建立毛毛虫假人来测量捕食压力。此外，我们将构建更高的营养级的分类组物种之间的功能系统发育距离。此外，我们将根据研究单元中几个主要和快速可用的功能计算多样性，以测试三个主要假设，重点是更高的营养级分类群：H1：通过ESC（α尺度）增加更高营养级分类群的多样性不仅决定了其各自营养级的多功能性，而且还通过不同营养级的繁殖来确定。H 2：ESC治疗的多功能性的变化是更好地解释功能/系统发育比分类的营养水平。H3：与对照区相比，ESBC区γ-多功能性的增加是由更高营养水平的β-和γ-二聚体解释的。除了我们的子项目，我们将为RU的生物多样性数据做出重大贡献。此外，我们将增加地上次生生产力，无脊椎动物的抗食草性，捕食和寄生到RU。

Higher trophic levels can have an important influence on ecosystem processes. However, in biodiversity-ecosystem function research they are broadly neglected. In this subproject, we will make use of newly available methods for highly standardized assessments of biodiversity in taxa of higher trophic levels as consumer of 1st and 2nd order as well as predators. We will use a set of trap and sampling systems for arthropods, combined with conventional and metabarcoding techniques for identification, sound recorders for bats and birds with autonomous species identification and new adult and established caterpillar insect dummies to measure predation pressure. Furthermore, we will construct functional-phylogenetic distances between species for taxonomical groups of higher trophic level. Additionally, we will calculate multidiversity based on few major and rapidly available functions in the research unit to test three major hypotheses with focus on higher trophic level taxa: H1: Increasing diversity of taxa at higher trophic levels by ESC (α-scale) not only determines multifunctionality at their respective trophic level but also by propagating through different trophic levels. H 2: The variation in multifunctionality by ESC treatment is better explained by functional/phylogenetic than by taxonomic diversities in higher trophic levels. H3: The increase in γ-multifunctionality in ESBC districts compared to control districts is explained by β- and γ-diversities of higher trophic levels. Beyond our subproject, we will contribute substantially to the biodiversity data of the RU. Moreover, we will add the secondary above ground productivity, invertebrate herbivory resistance, predation and parasitism to the RU.