Smart Contracts in the system of civil law, copyright and enforcement law

实物的效用价值不是仅仅通过所有者的物质支配权赋予的，而是仅仅通过使用该实物的可能性来分配的。在算法化和数字化的世界中，对象在功能上越来越牢固地连接到特定的软件；因此，如果没有相关的软件，它们就无法完成预期的功能。在模拟的、非数字化的世界中，由于事实原因，不可能通过远程访问来限制甚至完全消除对象的可用性。物联网以及物联网带来了新的技术影响可能性(例如，在自行车或汽车共享商业模式中)，其法律允许性尚未得到系统和全面的分析。这项研究的主要目标是全面盘点对带有数字元素的物体进行预编码的自动法律行为的法律可能性和限度。分析涵盖了债权法、物权法、侵权法、著作权法和止赎法。这将揭示出所谓的智能合同在多大程度上有可能在不违反法律的情况下，使违约从技术上讲是不可能的。如果研究发现监管框架中存在的任何弱点，将提出或制定改进这一框架的立法备选方案，然后进行评估。在法律政策方面，法律教条性研究的目的是作为一个面向未来的基础，在中短期内考虑改变《义务法》和《著作权法》下的合同安排的可采性，并在长期内辩论财产、占有和所有权概念的新概念。本文件继续进行研究讨论，旨在确保法律跟上技术发展的步伐和/或以前瞻性的方式塑造它们。

The utility value of a physical object is not assigned to the owner solely by his material dominion, but only by the possibility of using the object. In the algorithmized and digitized world, objects are increasingly functionally firmly connected to a specific software; therefore they cannot fulfill their intended function without the associated software. In the analogue, non-digitized world, it is not possible for factual reasons to restrict or even completely remove the usability of an object by remote access. The increasing "smarting" of objects as well as the Internet of Things, i.e., the networking of objects, give rise to new technical possibilities of influence (e.g., in bike or car sharing business models), the legal permissibility of which has not yet been systematically and comprehensively analyzed. The primary goal of the study is a comprehensive inventory of the legal possibilities and limits of pre-coded automated legal acts for objects with digital elements. The analysis covers the law of obligations, property law, tort law, copyright law, and foreclosure law. This will reveal the extent to which so-called smart contracts have the potential to make breaches of contract technically impossible without themselves violating the law. If the study uncovers any existing weaknesses in the regulatory framework, legislative options for improving it will be presented or developed and then evaluated. In terms of legal policy, the legal dogmatic study is intended to serve as a future-oriented basis for considering changes to the admissibility of contractual arrangements under the law of obligations and copyright law in the short to medium term and for debating a new conception of the notion of property, possession and ownership in the long term. The paper continues the research discussion and aims to ensure that the law keeps pace with technical developments and/or shapes them in a forward-looking manner.