Seismic Network (data acquisition system, seismometers, accelerometers, DAS interrogator unit)

科隆是德国唯一一个居民超过100万人的城市，面临着严重的地震危险。周围的下莱茵湾还包括几个大型露天褐煤矿山。这项提议旨在整修本斯伯格地震观测站的强震网络，该观测站由科隆60公里范围内的23个台站组成，并通过增加五个新的强震和五个新的微震台站以及一个创新的基于激光的分布式声学传感(DAS)询问器单元来增强现有地震台网的性能，该单元可以利用光纤中的光散射以前所未有的空间分辨率测量地面运动。过去15年来，强震台网的数据采集一直在24小时不间断地运行，而且越来越容易出现故障。此外，它是过时的，不再兼容现有的(位)计算机，因此需要完全更换。新的数据采集将提供连续的实时数据访问，并以标准格式生成数据，以便通过欧洲开放数据倡议和与邻近地震调查的更密切合作轻松交换和共享。强震台网的主要目的除了帮助定位每个单独台站附近的微震事件外，还可以在强震情况下不截断地记录地面运动。这些记录也位于震源附近，有助于得出与地震工程有关的参数，并相应地用于建立该地区的地面运动预测方程和估计地震危险。由于下莱茵湾很少发生大地震(即估计5.0级地震的复发间隔为15至20年)，因此必须进行持续的长期监测。增设的强震站将有助于解决重新耕作区域与自然沉积的沉积物对地面运动幅度的影响问题，这对于估计受露天褐煤矿山影响的地区的地震地面运动具有很高的相关性。增设微震台站将提高微震监测网络的探测效率和性能。DAS询问器单元为新的观测设备提供了多种益处，例如地震定位、断层测绘、研究地下结构及其小尺度变化，这些都对放大地震期间的地面运动具有重要意义。我们的目标是在专门的测量活动中使用DAS询问器单元，例如，在具有沉积盖层的地区，在已知或可疑断层上，更好地了解地下弹性参数将有助于危险评估和微震事件定位，或在余震监测中，以最大限度地利用这一创新技术。

Cologne is the only German city with more than one million inhabitants exposed to a significant seismic hazard. The surrounding Lower Rhine Embayment also includes several large-scale open-pit lignite mines. This proposal aims to refurbish the strong motion network ot the Bensberg seismic observatory, consisting of 23 stations within 60 km of Cologne, and enhance the performance of the existing seismic networks by adding five new strong motion and five new microseismic stations as well as an innovative laser-based DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) interrogator unit that can measure ground motion with unprecedented spatial resolution by using light scattering in optical fibres. The data acquisition of the strong motion network has been in continuous 24/7 operations for the past 15 years and is increasingly prone to failures. Besides, it is outdated and no longer compatible with current (64-bit) computers, so it needs to be replaced completely. The new data acquisition will provide continuous real-time data access and produce data in a standard format, for easy exchange and sharing via European Open Data initiatives and closer collaboration with neighbouring seismological surveys. The main aim of the strong motion network, besides aiding in locating microseismic events in the vicinity of each individual station, is the unclipped recording of ground motion in case of strong earthquakes. These recordings, also at locations close to the source, are instrumental for deriving parameters of relevance to earthquake engineering, and accordingly in developing ground motion prediction equations for the region and estimating seismic hazard. Since large earthquakes are rare in the Lower Rhine Embayment (i.e. have an estimated recurrence interval of 15 to 20 years for magnitude 5.0), continuous long-term monitoring is mandatory. The additional strong motion stations will help to address the question of the influence of recultivated areas vs. naturally deposited sediments on the amplitudes of ground motion, which is of high relevance for estimates of seismic ground motion in the areas affected by open-pit lignite mines. Additional microseismic stations will increase the detection efficiency and performance of the network in microseismic monitoring. The DAS interrogator unit provides new observables with multiple benefits, e.g. to earthquake location, mapping of faults, studying the sub-surface structure and its small-scale variations, which have important implications for amplification of ground motion during earthquakes. We aim to use the DAS interrogator unit in dedicated measurement campaigns, e.g. across known or suspected faults, in areas with sedimentary cover where a better knowledge of the elastic parameters of the subsurface would be beneficial for both hazard assessment and microseismic event location, or in aftershock monitoring, to make the best use of this innovative technology.