Understanding of Conscience in the German Parliament: Ethical Implications for Voting without Party Discipline with Special Consideration of Bioethical Issues

干细胞研究、生前遗嘱或商业化的自杀推广：近年来，德国联邦议院（Bundestag）对生物伦理问题的投票一直被明确宣布为良心决定，国会议员（MPs）已经摆脱了党的纪律。在该项目中，良心的概念是德国联邦政府政治制度中议会决策的核心，是理解授权的核心，从神学-哲学的角度在德国联邦议会的使用背景下进行了审查。其目的是为进一步的辩论创造基础，并开始对良心概念的使用进行反思。为此，将开放自民主革命党成立以来被明确宣布为不受党纪限制的良心决定的唱名表决，并研究解除党纪的次数和表决对象的变化。在1960-1979年和2000-2019年期间，国会议员对良心的理解将在先前阐述的良心概念的紧张极点的基础上发展。这些张力极点是从对哲学、神学和心理学文献的分析中获得的，补充了Schaede/Moos（2015）的草稿。通过展示议员们对良心的理解中代表了哪些紧张的极点，哪些没有被考虑在内，就可以得出对良心理解的成就和局限性。该项目的结果将发表在一份通俗易懂的出版物上，并配有播客，使更广泛的公众可以获得这些结果。项目的一部分也是一个跨学科的研讨会，在第一年发展的紧张极点将被讨论，然后议员们对良心的理解将在紧张极点的帮助下被表征。在项目即将结束时，计划召开一次跨学科会议，其中最重要的讨论结果将进入出版物。

Stem cell research, living wills or the businesslike promotion of suicide: In recent years, votes on bioethical issues in the German Bundestag have consistently been explicitly declared to be decisions of conscience and Members of Parliament (MPs) have been released from party discipline.In the project, the concept of conscience, which is central to parliamentary decision-making in the political system of the FRG as the core of the understanding of the mandate, is examined from a theological-philosophical perspective in the context of its use in the German Bundestag. The aim is to create a basis for further debate as well as to initiate a reflection on the use of the concept of conscience. To this end, the roll-call votes since the founding of the FRG, which were explicitly declared to be decisions of conscience without party discipline across party lines, will be opened up and changes in relation to the frequency of the lifting of party discipline as well as the subjects of the votes will be examined.For the periods 1960-1979 and 2000-2019, the MPs' understandings of conscience will be developed on the basis of previously elaborated poles of tension of the concept of conscience. These poles of tension are obtained from an analysis of the philosophical, theological and psychological literature, complementing a draft by Schaede/Moos (2015). The achievements and limits of the understandings of conscience are worked out by showing which of the poles of tension are represented in the MPs' understandings of conscience and which are not taken into account.The results of the project will be published in a generally understandable publication, which will be accompanied by a podcast to make the results accessible to a broader public. Part of the project is also an interdisciplinary workshop in which the poles of tension developed in the first year will be discussed before the MPs' understandings of conscience are characterised with the help of the poles of tension. Towards the end of the project, an interdisciplinary conference is planned, the most important discussion results of which will find their way into the publication.