Formation of Alkaloid's by Function of Cultured Plant Cells

由于环境干扰和其他原因，许多在生产药用活性化合物方面具有很高潜在价值的植物正在从地下消失。生物多样性的保护和基因资源的可持续利用是摆在我们面前的一个十分紧迫的研究课题。在本项目下，我们主要致力于热带药用植物生物碱产生的基础性研究，以开发次生代谢物形成的内在能力。罗布麻科植物的研究。(1)蛇纹蛙与狭叶林蛙融合细胞生物碱的产生--从培养细胞中分离得到两个单萜类吲哚生物碱(16(R)-18，19-E-异苦参碱和5(S)-5-甲氧基-严格甲氧基)和三个β-卡宾生物碱(β-卡博林、1-乙酰-β-卡宾和1-甲甲氧基-β-卡宾)。这一结果表明，融合生物的细胞中保持了生物碱的形成能力。(2)…泰国罗布麻科植物Hunteria zeylanica中更多的生物碱成分--从Hunteria属植物中分离得到一个新的单萜类吲哚生物碱，Hunterioside。亨特罗苷已被证明在糖部分具有生物部分，这在迄今已知的糖苷类单萜类吲哚生物碱中是一个相当新的特征。标题茜草科植物的研究。(1)蛇床子中的生物碱--蛇床子，分布于日本的亚热带气候带。已证明喜树碱及其类似物存在于该物种中。此外，长期寻找的生物合成中间体首次从该物种中发现。全合成了一种新型的葡萄糖基喜树碱--柴胡皂苷。(2)蛇床子组织培养、悬浮细胞培养及细胞再分化的研究--组织培养和细胞悬浮培养由德国联合项目的同行成功开展。最近，他们还成功地通过分化从培养的细胞中获得了幼苗。(3)蛇床子培养细胞次生代谢物的研究--我们尚未成功地从该植物的培养细胞中获得含氮代谢产物。取而代之的是分离和鉴定了三种蒽醌类化合物。然而，在原始的野生植物中没有检测到这些蒽醌类化合物。最近，对金鸡纳培养细胞的次生代谢也有类似的观察。利用这些培养的细胞生产生物碱的几项尝试正在进行中。较少

Many plants with high potential value in production of pharmaceutically active compounds are disappearing from the ground by environmental disturbance and other causes. Preservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of gene resources are quite urgent research subjects for us all. Under this project we mainly focused our scientific attention to a fundamental study for alkaloid producing tropical medicinal plants to develop the inherent ability of the secondary metabolite formation.1. Studies on Apocynaceae plants. (1) Alkaloid production by the fused cells between Rauwolfia serpentina and Rhazya stricta -- From the cultured cells we have isolated two monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (16(R)-18,19-E-Isositosirikine and 5(S)-5-Carbomethoxy strictosidine) and three beta-carboline alkaloids (beta-Carboline, 1-Acetyl-beta-carboline, and 1-Carbomethoxy-beta-carboline). This result demonstrated that the ability of alkaloid formation is maintained in the cells of the fused organism. (2) … More Alkaloidal constituents of Thai Apocynaceous plant, Hunteria zeylanica -- From the titled species of Hunteria a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, hunterioside, was isolated. Hunterioside has been shown to possess a biose moiety at the sugar part, a quite novel feature in the hitherto known glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.2. Studies on Rubiaceous plants. (1) Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza species -- Ophiorrhiza pumila is distributed in the subtropical climate zone in Japan. It has been demonstrated that camptothecin and its analogues are contained in this species. Besides, long sought biosynthetic intermediates were first found from this species. Total synthesis of chaboside, a novel gluco camptothecin, has been attained. (2) Studies of tissue culture, suspension cell culture and re-differentiation on the cells of Ophiorrhiza pumila -- Tissue culture and cell suspension culture were successfully carried out by the German counterpart of the joint project. Recently they also succeeded in getting young plants from the cultured cells through differentiation. (3) Studies on the secondary metabolites of cultured cells of Ophiorrhiza pumila -- We have not succeeded in obtaining nitrogenous metabolite from the cultured cells of the titled plant. Instead, three anthraquinones were isolated and characterized. These anthraquinones, however, have not been detected in the original wild plant. Recently similar observation has been reported on the secondary metabolism of the cultured cells of Cinchona spp. Several attempts to realize alkaloid production from these cultured cells are under way. Less