An Empirical Study on Mechanisms of the Self-management in the Places of Work and Living and Rural Communities of Yugoslavia

到目前为止，南斯拉夫社会主义研究人员主要关注南斯拉夫自我管理制度及其制度框架的思想或原则。很少有研究贴近自我管理的实际情况。我们的研究是日本第一次尝试从政治、行政、经济和农业等方面分析南斯拉夫的实际情况。为了促进自治，日本分别于1974年和1976年通过了新宪法和相关的劳动法。新课程将联合劳工的基本组织作为自我管理的基础，旨在通过直接民主实现工人的自我管理，并将收入分配权力等移交给这些最低层组织。但面对20世纪80年代的经济危机，南斯拉夫人民打算在1988年底之前修改1974年宪法和联合劳动法。与1970年代的努力不同，这些修正案将加强与企业和联合会相对应的工作组织的权力。通过这次实地考察，我们可以了解南斯拉夫在当前经济危机中摇摇欲坠的实际情况。南斯拉夫农业具有双重结构，大量传统的农民农场和少数从法西斯主义解放后新创建的巨大的社会农业单位。关于作为南斯拉夫农业基础的农民农场的实际情况，几乎没有详细的研究。我们确认了农民分化向两个方向发展的趋势，即大多数农民正在成为“土地工人”和“工农农场”，少数上层农民正在进一步富裕起来，成为资产阶级。

Researchers on Yugoslav socialism have so far paid their attentions mainly to the idea or principle of the self-management system and its institutional Frameworks in yugoslavia. Very few researches have come close to actual circumstances of the selfmanagement. our research is the First attempt in Japan that has tried to analyze the actual situations of Yugoslavia in respcts of politics, administration, economy and agriculture.In order to promote self-management, the new Constitution and the Associated Labour Act were abopted in 1974 and 1976 respectively. By putting basic organizations of associated labour as bases of the self-managiment, the new course aimed to realize workers, self-management through direct democracy and to transfer powers concerning income distribution and so on to these lowest organization.But confronting with economic crisis in 1980s, Yugoslav people intend to amend the Constitution of 1974 and the Associated Labour Act by the end of 1988. In contrast efforts in 1970s, these amendments would strengthen tne powers of Work Organizations which correspond to enterprises and the Federation. In this Field research weucould make clear the actual situations in Yugoslavia which is shaking in the present economic crisis.Yugoslav agriculture has a dual structure with a great number of traditional peasant Farms and a small number of huge social agricultural units which were newly created after the liberation From the Fascism. Almost no detailed research has been done about the actual situation of peasant Farms which are the Foudation of Yugoslav agriculture. We confirmed a tendency of differentiation of peasants towards two directions, that is, a majority of peasants are becoming 'workers with land' and 'workers-peasants Farms on the one hand, and a Few upper stratum of peasants are Further enriching themselves and becoming bourgeoisie on the other hand.