Electric Aircraft Ground Lab Environment – E²AGLE

作为EXC2163“可持续和节能航空”项目的一部分，我们将对未来商用飞机的机载电气网络进行研究。航空动力总成的电气化与一些对飞机设计有直接影响的边界条件和制约因素有关。例如，分布式推进器驱动带来了新的空气动力学可能性，但同时也伴随着新的、然后也是分布式的机载网络结构。在这里，存储单元的布置、可用的电压电平和驱动器的控制对于实现效率和重量目标起着至关重要的作用。在功能上，还必须在发生故障时提供必要的冗余。这导致了设计驱动系统本身的多种可能性，特别是在能量和信息流方面的车载网络。为了从根本上研究这些拓扑可能性和由此产生的问题，计划了一个模块化设计的实验环境，该环境能够表示集中式和分散式结构或这两种方法的组合。该实验室名为E？Agle(电动飞机地面实验室环境)，位于集群SE？A中，可以高度灵活地对各种拓扑变体进行比较研究。在英才集团的研究计划框架内，首先将借助拟议的测试环境从根本上调查两个原则：-中央星载网络拓扑：所有能源和接收器都连接到一个通用的直流星上网络。这实现了能量流的灵活设计，从而实现了能量供应的高冗余度，但需要高布线费用以及车载网络本身的冗余度。-分散的板载网络拓扑：许多较小的储能单元自由放置在最大的用户(驱动器)附近的板载，因此可以减少布线工作量。然而，为了实现这一点，这里必须通过其他方式建立所需的可靠性/冗余，例如更多的驱动器、容错驱动器等。复制这两种板载网络拓扑所需的设备的技术要求在几个方面彼此不同。因此，E2AGLE试验台及其所包含的电源硬件在环(PHIL)被分为两个子系统：用于集中式车载网络拓扑的PHIL子系统和用于分散式车载网络拓扑的PHIL子系统。为了能够使测量结果具有可比性，两个菲尔分系统将在相同的功率范围内运行，并将在信息技术方面相互链接，形成分布式菲尔测试台。

As part of the Cluster of Excellence EXC2163 "Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Aviation" (SE²A), the electrical on-board network of future commercial aircraft will be investigated. The electrification of powertrains in aviation is linked to a number of boundary conditions and constraints that have a direct impact on aircraft design. Distributed propulsor drives, for example, bring about new aerodynamic possibilities, but go hand in hand with new, then also distributed on-board network structures. Here, the arrangement of storage units, the available voltage level and the control of the drives play an essential role in meeting efficiency and weight targets. Functionally, the necessary redundancy must also be provided in the event of a fault. This results in a multitude of possibilities for designing the drive system itself and especially the on-board network in terms of energy and information flows. In order to fundamentally investigate these topological possibilities and the resulting questions, an experimental environment of modular design is planned which enables the representation of both centralised and decentralised structures or combinations of both approaches. The laboratory, called E²AGLE (Electric Aircraft Ground Lab Environment) in the Cluster SE²A, offers the possibility of comparatively investigating various topology variants with a high degree of flexibility. Within the framework of the research programme of the Cluster of Excellence SE²A, two principles are initially to be fundamentally investigated with the help of the proposed test environment: - Central on-board network topology: All energy sources and sinks are connected to a common DC on-board network. This enables a flexible design of the energy flows and thus a high redundancy of the energy supply, but requires a high expenditure of cabling as well as a redundancy of the on-board network itself. - Decentralised on-board network topology: Many smaller energy storage units are positioned freely on board near the largest consumers (drives), so that the cabling effort can be reduced. However, to achieve this, the required reliability/redundancy must be established here by other means, e.g. more drives, fault-tolerant drives etc. The technical requirements of the devices needed to replicate both on-board network topologies differ from each other in several respects. The E2AGLE test bench and the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) it contains are therefore divided into two subsystems: The PHIL subsystem for the centralised on-board network topology and the PHIL subsystem for the decentralised on-board network topology. In order to be able to make measurement results comparable, both PHIL subsystems will operate in the same power range and will be linked with each other in terms of information technology to form a distributed PHIL test bench.