Self-organization and horizontal binding forces: local authorities in ancient Judaism from the 6th century BCE to the 1st century CE.

该项目调查了从公元前6世纪到公元1世纪由地方当局发起的自组织过程，并询问了水平约束力以及它们与当地犹太社区和当地社会的关系。犹太社区的地方当局团体在组织上大多是非正式和合议的，它们通过共同的管理需要来塑造地方一级的治理过程。在研究的600年期间，地方当局的发展及其对犹太社区自组织的意义将在城市，民间社会复杂空间以及农村地区进行分析。分析将针对不同的地点（犹太、散居）和不同形式的国家（巴比伦、波斯、希腊化王国、罗马）进行。该项目的目的是调查地方当局的历史发展，从历时和同步的角度来看，它们对当代犹太社区和当地社会的功能和意义。为此，这些来源根据类型分为两篇论文：1)“史学”导向的文本（或神学影响的历史叙事史学）和2)虚构叙事。作为平行的案例研究，这两篇论文因此必然在方法论上有所不同，但在其来源分析中，两者在概念上都追求在监管需求、凝聚力和认可等方面调查地方层面自组织过程中水平约束力的核心问题。由于时间范围广、地理多样性和国家形态的不同，在较长的时间跨度内进行比较评估是可能的，以便能够明确不同国家和地方秩序安排中水平约束力的复杂性和差异性。

The project investigates the self-organization processes initiated by local authorities from the 6th century BCE to the 1st century CE and asks both about the horizontal binding forces and about their relation to the local Judean community and the local society. The group of local authorities in Judean communities, which were mostly informal and collegial in organization, shapes governance processes at the local level through shared regulatory needs. The development of local authorities and their significance for the self-organization of Judean communities in the 600-year period under study will be analyzed in urban, civil society complex spaces as well as in rural regions. The analysis will be carried out for different locations (Judea, Diaspora) and for different forms of statehood (Babylonia, Persia, Hellenistic kingdoms, Rome). The aim of the project is to investigate both the historical development of local authorities diachronically and synchronically their function and significance for the contemporary Judean community and local society. To this end, the sources are split in two dissertations according to genre: 1) 'historiographically' oriented texts (or theologically influenced historical-narrative historiography) and 2) fictional narratives. As parallel case studies, the dissertations therefore necessarily differ in their methodological approach, but both conceptually pursue in their source analysis the central question of investigating horizontal binding forces in self-organization processes at the local level under the aspects of regulatory needs, cohesion, and recognition. Due to the wide time frame, the geographical diversity and the different forms of statehood, comparative evaluations in the longue durée are possible in order to be able to specify the complexity and differentiation of horizontal binding forces in various state and local arrangements of order.