Manifesting foreign rule: Xenocratic administration and its spatial-visual presence in the Southern Netherlands in the 17th and 18th centuries

考虑到异族统治在近代早期作为一种统治类型的普遍存在，以及象征性交流在这个时代创造和稳定制度秩序方面的重要作用，通过建筑和视觉媒体在被统治省份调解、合法化和感知异族统治关系的问题尤为紧迫。该项目以一个具体的异族统治星座为例，探讨了这个在早期现代时期几乎没有被艺术历史学家系统研究的主题，该星座在调查期间也经历了宗主性的变化：17世纪末和18世纪末荷兰南部的总督职位。分项目A专门研究威特尔斯巴赫选举人马克斯·伊曼纽尔(1692-1706年)，当时该领土仍是哈布斯堡西班牙线(1522/56-1714年)的一部分，而分项目B研究18世纪末同一地区，当时它在西班牙王位继承战争(1714-1795年)后落入奥地利众议院。这里特别令人感兴趣的是全权代表部长乔治·亚当·冯·斯塔亨伯格(Georg Adam von Starhemberg，1770-83年)在州长卡尔·亚历山大·冯·洛斯林根(Karl Alexander von Lothringen，1744-1880年)以及奥地利州长夫妇玛丽·克里斯汀(Marie Christine)和萨克森-特森(Saxony-Teschen)的阿尔伯特·卡西米尔(Albert Kasimir，1780-93年)的管理时期。这是一种文化接近条件下的异族统治，因为荷兰南部与西班牙和奥地利之间已经有了许多纠葛和文化交流。尽管如此，异国性的概念长期以来一直是人们对规则认知的一个组成部分。研究对象的范围是多种多样的。它包括建筑和装饰项目，作为仪式和仪式形式的行动，其中外国统治在现场得到承认，并为尺子和被统治者之间的互动提供了一个空间和视觉媒介框架，但同时也可以启动独立的感知、接受和转化过程：宫殿和乡村总督府和主要官员的肖像，尺子和官员的肖像及其从宫廷到印刷媒体的呈现是值得关注的。此外，还将考虑与当地民众进行流动或短暂的视觉互动和交流，例如在节日文化和崇拜尺子(游行或招待会，但也包括奖牌)的背景下。在这些材料的基础上，将从比较的角度研究异族统治在现场的动态，以及建筑和视觉媒体在表现异族统治以及稳定或相继消除与之相关的异国性归属方面所发挥的作用。

Regarding the widespread occurrence of xenocracy as a type of rule in the early modern period as well as the important role of symbolic communication for the creation and stabilisation of institutional orders in this epoch, the question of the mediation, legitimisation and perception of xenocratic rule relationships in the governed provinces by means of architectural and visual media is particularly urgent. The project approaches this topic, which has hardly been systematically investigated by art historians in the early modern period, using a concrete constellation of xenocracy as an example, which also experienced a change of suzerainty during the period under investigation: the governorship of the Southern Netherlands in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Subproject A is devoted to the Wittelsbach Elector Max Emanuel (governor 1692-1706) when the territory was still part of the possessions of the Spanish line of the Habsburgs (1522/56-1714), while subproject B examines the same region in the late 18th century, when it fell to the House of Austria after the War of the Spanish Succession (1714-1795). Of particular interest here is the period of administration of the plenipotentiary minister Georg Adam von Starhemberg (1770-83) under the governor Karl Alexander von Lothringen (1744-80) and the governor couple Marie Christine of Austria and Albert Kasimir of Saxony-Teschen (1780-93). This was a xenocracy under the conditions of cultural proximity, because there were already many entanglements and cultural exchanges between the Southern Netherlands and Spain and Austria. Nevertheless, concepts of foreignness has long been a constitutive element of the perception of rule. The spectrum of objects to be studied is diverse. It includes architectural and decoration projects as stages of ceremonial and ritual forms of action, in which foreign rule gained recognition on site and which provided a spatial and visual-medial framework for the interaction between rulers and ruled, but which at the same time could also set in motion independent processes of perception, reception and transformation: Palaces and country residences of governors and leading officials, portraits of rulers and officials together with their presentation from the palace to the print medium are of interest. In addition, mobile or ephemeral-performative forms of visual interaction and communication with the local population, for example in the context of festive culture and the cult of rulers (parades or receptions, but also medals) will be considered. On the basis of these materials, the dynamics of the exercise of xenocracy on site will be examined from a comparative perspective, as well as the role that architectural and visual media played in the representation of xenocratic rule and in the stabilisation or successive dismantling of the ascriptions of foreignness associated with it.