繊毛虫類の種間における防御機構の研究

1.眼睑色素的毒性-纯化了眼睑色素和眼睑色素(由眼睑色素在氧气和光照下产生的色素)，并研究了它们对几种二元体的毒性和光毒性。Blepharismin对多种纤毛虫表现出较强的毒性和光毒作用，而B.Japan对blepharismin表现出抗性。Oxyblepharismin也具有毒性和光毒性。通过与植物色素、金丝桃素的毒性特性比较，发现它们具有较强的内源性毒性。本研究阐明了日本血吸虫的化学防御机制；日本血吸虫含有对眼睑本身无毒，但对其他纤毛虫有毒性的色素；日本血吸虫在细胞附着时会分泌出这种色素。维氏气候口虫可能防御毒素的结构和毒性-当食肉纤毛虫Dileptus Margaritifer攻击C.virens时，D.Margaritifer撤退。提纯了华支睾吸虫可能的防御性毒素，并对其结构进行了测定。定名为L，3-二羟基-5-[(Z)-2‘-壬烯基]苯，命名为气候醇。其结构经全合成确证。草履虫毛囊的防御功能-草履虫毛囊是防御的突出体。在这项研究中，我们研究了它对各种纤毛虫和其他原生动物的防御功能。毛囊对绿色棘球绦虫、赤刺棘球绦虫、核纤毛棘球绦虫的防御作用显著，而对艾氏飞蛾和变形阿米巴的防御作用不明显。

1. Toxicity of pigment blepharismin of Blepharisma japonicum-----we purified blepharismin and oxyblepharismin (the pigment generated from blepharismin under oxygen and light), and studied their toxicity and phototoxicity to several diiates. Blepharismin showed strong toxicity and phototoxicity to variety of ciliates, but B.japonicum was resistant to blepharismin. Oxyblepharismin also possessed toxicity and phototoxicity. The toxic properties of blepharismin and oxyblepharismin were compared with plant pigment, hypericin, and it was found that blepharismin and oxyblepharismin are characteristic in their strong intrinsic toxicity. In this study, the mechanism of chemical defense in B.japonicum was clarified ; B.japonicum possesses pigment blepharismin which is not toxic to Blepharisma itself but toxic to other ciliate and B.japonicum extrudes the pigments when cells are attacked.2. Structure and toxicity of possible defensive toxin in Climacostomum virens----- When carnivorous ciliate Dileptus margaritifer attacks C.virens , D.margaritifer retreated. The possible defensive toxin in C.virens was purified and the structure was determined. It was established as l, 3-dihydoxy-5-[(Z)-2'-nonenyl] benzene, and named Climacostol. The structure was confirmed by the total synthesis.3. Defensive function of trichocysts in Paramecium-----trichocysts in Paramecium are extrusomes for defense. In this study, we investigated the defensive function against variety of ciliates and other protozoans. Defensive function of trichocysts was remarkable against C.virens, Echinoshaerium akamae, E.nucleofilum, but it was not noticeable to Heliophrya erhardi (suctoria) and Amoeba proteus.