STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MATU OR SUGI ESSENTIAL OIL BY THE SPECIHC REACTION FOR TERPENE COMPOUNDS

通过相对简单的反应，将木材精油的主要成分转化为抗生物化合物，特别是杀白蚁和抗真菌化合物。用稀硫酸溶液将木材精油中广泛存在的α-松油烯转化为α-松油醇，产率约为22%。此外，还发现一些磺酸对这些反应有很好的催化作用。其中对苯酚磺酸催化效果最好，产率最高的是α-松油醇，摩尔分数为83%。还用对苯酚磺酸处理了松木、杉木和木香的精油。将马豆挥发油中的α-松烯转化为α-松油醇。但是，市售松节油和杉木精油中α-松油烯的含量较低，因此α-松油醇的产量较少。胡桃叶油中含有大量的莎草烯，而不是经上述处理后转化为4-松油醇的α-品烯。适宜的反应时间不超过10小时，较长的反应时间会增加不利产物的生成。反应产物对JIS Z 2911中规定的对5种真菌的抗性真菌台湾乳白蚁和精白蚁具有杀白活性。虽然萜醇含量较少的水解物，例如杉木精油，其生物活性只有很小的提高，但水木精油和松香精油的水解物生物活性却有显著提高。

Chemical conversion of major components of wood essential oil into biological-resistant compounds, especially termiticidal and anti-fungal compounds by relatively simple reaction was carried out. α-Pinene, widely contained in the wood essential oil was converted with a dilute sulfuric acid solution into α-terpineol, one of the termiticidal compounds, on yield of ca. 22 molar %. Furthermore, some sulfonic acids were found to be a good catalyst for these reactions. p-Phenol sulfonic acid was the best catalyst among them, it gave maximum yield α-terpineol, 83 molar %. The essential oil from matu, sugi, and hinoki woods were also treated with p-phenol sulfonic acid. α-Pinene contained in matu essential oil was converted into α-terpineol. But, commercial terpentine and sugi essential oil contained less α-pinene, so the production of α-terpineol was a little. The hinoki leaf oil contained a lot of sabinene instead of α-pinene which was converted into 4-terpineol by these treatments. Adequate reaction time was less than 10 hrs and longer reaction time increased the unfavorable products. The reaction products were tested for the termiticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus, the fungus resistance against five fungi specified in JIS Z 2911. Although the hydrolysis product, e.g. from sugi essential oil, having less amount of terpene alcohols showed only a little increase of biological activity, the products from hinoki and matu essential oil showed remarkable increase of it.