Cryopreservation of sperm of marine organisms and its utilization in fisheries.

1. 研究了花式鲤鱼精子长期冷冻保存的可能性和用冷冻精子受精的卵所孵化出的鱼苗的质量。结果表明，保存3年的精子受精率未见下降。结果表明，用保存精子受精的鱼苗在生长发育和鱼苗畸形方面并不亚于用新鲜精子受精的鱼苗。比较了颗粒法和秸秆法在阿玛戈鲑鱼和虹鳟鱼育苗工作中的优势。用微球法保存的精子具有较高的生育能力和繁殖性。将雄性红鲷与雌性红鲷的精子冷冻保存103天后进行杂交。杂交体的胚胎发育正常，鱼苗的生长略低于红鲷。杂交体色较养殖母红鲷亮。可以预见，混合动力车的商业价值更高。研究了冷却速率对海胆冷冻精子存活率和受精率的影响。降温速度低于4℃/min时，精子顶体受到损伤。当冷却速度大于10℃/min时，精子存活率降低。估计冷冻精子的受精率是新鲜精子的1/10到1/100。探讨了冷冻保存牡蛎精子的适宜条件。施用3/4含二甲基甲苯的海水和3分钟的平衡期可获得最高的施肥能力。估计冷冻保存精子的容量为新鲜精子的1/100至1/1000。

1. The possibility of long term cryopreservation of fancy carp sperm and the quality of the fry hatched from the eggs which were inseminated with the cryopreserved sperm were investigated. It was observed that the sperms preserved for three years did not show any decrease in fertilizing capacity. It was showed that the fry from the eggs inseminated with preserved sperm were by no means inferior to the fry from the eggs inseminated with fresh sperm in growth and malformation of fry.2. The advantage between pellet and straw method of fish sperm preservation were compared in the routine work of seedling production of Amago salmon and rainbow trout. Higher fertility and reproducibility were obtained by the sperm preserved by the pellet method.3. The hybridization between male Crimson sea bream and female red sea bream was performed after cryopreservation of the former sperm for 103 days. The embryonic development of the hybrid was normal and the growth of the fry was slightly inferior to that of red sea bream. The body color was brighter in the hybrid as compared to cultured maternal red sea bream. It could be expected that the commercial value was higher in the hybrid.4. The effects of cooling rate were studied on the survival and the fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sea urchin sperm. The spermatozoa were injured at the acrosome in the cooling rate slower than 4 C/min. The survival of the sperm was lower for cooling rate faster than 10 C/min. The estimated fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm was 1/10 to 1/100 of the fresh sperm.5. Appropriate conditions were investigated for the cryopreservation of oyster sperm. Highest fertilizing capacity could be achieved by using 3/4 sea water containing DMSO and three minutes equilibration period. The estimated capacity of cryopreserved sperm ranged from 1/100 to 1/1000 of that of fresh sperm.