The Development of Capital Accumulation in the Coal Mining Industry and Its Social Foundation During the Meiji-Taisho Period --Focusing on the Research of Mitsubishi, Hokutan, Kaijima and Aso --

本课题的研究目的是分析明治大正时期日本采煤业资本积累的发展状况，厘清产业状况与社会基础之间的关系。得出的结论如下：1.原卡马区和火奈米区的Chikuho矿区规模在1877-1897年间有所增加。形成了选定矿区的条件。七库荷都城通过与中央都城的对立和互补，实现了独立和现代化。1897年至1907年间，Kaijima从三井独立出来，并在日俄战争前后实现了管理和组织的现代化，从而成为千河最大的公司。海岛试图利用战争带来的丰厚利润实现经营多元化；但在1920年代的S时期，由于采煤业的竞争，海岛采取了被动的合作政策。从大正时期开始，三菱就增加了在北海道的活动。碧柏煤矿被三菱收购后，开始呈现快速增长态势，成为北海道最具实力的煤矿。此外，别拜也成为三菱北海道煤矿作业的中心。直到明治末期，海外市场对煤炭工业来说是非常重要的。从第一次世界大战开始，该行业将重点放在国内市场。七湖煤炭业也跟随这一变化，竞争变得流畅，为排名靠前的公司形成垄断创造了条件。由于资本积累，矿工问题变得极其重要。Chikuho煤矿行业工会通过干预每个煤矿的资本积累需要进行最小幅度的调整，在劳工问题上取得了一致的结果。矿工组织的性质决定了劳资对立的性质。

The object of this project was to analyze the development of the capital accumulation of the Japanese coal mining industry during the Meiji-Taisho period, and to clarify the relationship between the industrial condition and social foundation. The conclusions are as follows:1. The size of the Chikuho coal mining lots (former Kama and Honami districts) increased between 1877 and 1897. and the conditions for the selected mining areas were formed.2. The Chikuho capital achieved independence and modernization by opposing and complementing the central capital. Between 1897 and 1907, Kaijima became financially independent from Mitsui and modernized its managenent and organization around the Russo-Japanese War,thus becoming the largest company in Chikuho. The Kaijima tried to diversify its Management with the huge profit from the war; but during the 1920's, it adopted a passive policy of cooperation due to the competition in the coal mining industry.3. Mitsubishi increased its activity in Hokkaido from the Taisho period. After the Bibai coal mine was bought by Mitsubishi, it began to show rapid growth and became the most powerful coal mine in Hokkaido. Also, Bibai became the center of the Mitsubishi's Hokkaido coal mining operation.4. Until the late Meiji period, the overseas market was very important to the coal industry. From WWI, the industry focused on the domestic market. The Chikuho coal industry also followed this change, and the competition became fluid which created a condition for the newly high-ranked companies to form monopoly.5. Due to the capital accumulation, the miners' problem became extremely important. The Chikuho coal mining industry's union were able to attain uniformed results in labor problem by intervening at a point where the minimum adjustment was necessary in capital accumulation of each mine. The nature of the miners' organization regulated the character of the opposition between labor and management.