THE STUDY ON SPACE COMPOSITION ABOUT FOLK HOUSES & THE VILLAGE IN TONAKI ISLAND, OKINAWA

一般说，冲绳的民居是两间独立的房子，周围是红瓦(AKAGAWARA)屋顶、石板和福木树林(福木是当地的一种树)。但我们在库姆岛的服务结果是不同的风格。我们发现了建筑表达所依据的各种住宅建造的一些共性。当然，我们从1981年到1987年调查的库姆和托纳基的共性并不适用于另一个东西宽1200公里的岛屿。根据文献，在空间构成原则上似乎有一些共性，但我们认为一些地方特色在形式上表现得很明显。我们认为，由于恶劣的环境，只有一个村庄的托纳基村提供了独特的景观。一般来说，在日本(当然是冲绳)，房屋的地势要比街道高。然而，Tonaki的房屋位于比街道更低的地面上。通过挖地的方式，人们保护他们的房子免受强烈的海风和台风的侵袭。允许这种特殊条件的原因是岛上覆盖着厚厚的沙子和排水良好的地面。房屋拆迁率为72%。最低矮的房子坐落在1.8米深的民居里。平面图一般遵循冲绳地区的典型规则。在典型的规则中，有OMOTEZA(主空间)和Uraza(仆人空间)。在所有四个方向上，大多数房屋都被石头栅栏或福木树林(这种围墙被称为YASHIKIGAKOI)所包围。这样的房子的使用率是79%。主屋朝南(92%)。很多房子的平面是NIBBANZA(四室风格，即OMOTEZA的两个房间和Uraza的另外两个房间)带走廊。Uraza是如此之小，以至于人们把它用在卧室或衣橱里。在Tonaki的房屋规划的要点是，房子有一个规则的形式朝南，并在西北角被切断。

It's generally said that the folk-house in Okinawa is two-separated-house style surrounded with the red tile (AKAGAWARA) roof, the stone frnce and the Fukugi woods (Fukugi is a local tree). But the results of our servey in Kume Island are various styles. We found some commonnesses in house build of all varieties which architectual expression bases on. Of course, the commonnesse in Kume and Tonaki where we had investigated since 1981 to 1987 don't apply for another islands dotted in 1200km wide from east and west. According to literatures, it seems that there is some commomnesses in principle of space constitution, but we think that some local characteristics appear cleary in form.<THE VILLAGE>The Tonaki where there is only one village offers a particular landscape because of, we thinks, severe environment. Generally, houses in japan (of course in Okinawa) stand on higher grounds than streets. Houses in Tonaki, however, stand on lower grounds than streets. By means of digging down the ground, people protect their houses from strong sea breezes and the typhoons. The reason permitted the particular condition is that the island covers with the thick sandy and well drained ground. The rate of the digged down house is 72% of all. The dippest house stands on 1.8m under.<THE FOLK HOUSE>The plot plan follows generally the typical rule in Okinawa area. In the typical rule there are OMOTEZA (the master space) and URAZA (the servant space). Most houses are surrounded by the stone fence or the Fukugi woods (such inclosure is called YASHIKIGAKOI) at all four dirctions. the rate of such house is 79%. The main houses face to the south (92%). The plan of many houses is NIBANZA (the four-room style, that is, two rooms of OMOTEZA and the other two of URAZA) with corridor. URAZA is so small that people use it to their bed room or their closet. The point of house planning in Tonaki is that the house has a regular form faced to the south and is cut off the corner at north-west.