Studies on the Production of Tetrodotoxin and the Toxification of Pufferfish.

1.本研究从河豚、斑点章鱼、斑点章鱼、圆尾癌和河豚中分离到河豚毒素(TTX)产生菌19株，其中溶藻弧菌6株，另类假单胞菌8株。包括海藻藻属A.alga sp.11月和四齿假单胞菌A.11月和腐败休眠杆菌(Sewanella putrefaciens sp.)，但在培养基中培养或长期保存时，这些细菌的TTX生产能力极大地下降。因此，解释河豚毒素的生物合成或用这些细菌毒化河豚是极其困难的任务。发现了检测尿液或血浆中TTX的新方法。从河豚中鉴定的TTX类似物为6-epi TTX和11-脱氧TTX，而从Newt中鉴定的TTX类似物为6-epi TTX、11-deoxy TTx、anhyo-6-epi TTx、11-deoxy-4-epi TTx和anhyo-11-deoxy TTX.将河豚毒素和无水河豚毒素混合物(1：4)注入河豚的腹水中，两者之间的相互转化很小。因此，无水TTX是河豚TTX来源的可能性是不存在的。在抗生素含量较高的海水中用有毒的河豚养殖的无毒河豚是有毒的，因此本研究中的TTX产生菌可能不是毒性的来源。日本鲟鱼的毒性大于有毒河豚肝脏的毒性。河豚毒素不需要在有毒河豚体内产卵和生长。

1. In this research, the tetrodotoxin (TTX) productive bacteria isolated from Jania sp., Octopus maculosus, Zosimus aeneus, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and pufferfishes are 19 strains of Vibrio naceae including 6 strains of V. alginolyticus sp., 8 strains of Pseudomonas alteromonas sp. including A. alga sp. nov. and A. tetrodonas sp. nov. and Sewanella putrefaciens sp., but the TTX productive capacity of these bacteria is decrease extremely when cultured in a culture medium or preserved for a long time. Therefore, the explanation of TTX bio-synthesis or toxification of pufferfish with these bacteria are task of extreme difficulty.2. New detective method of TTX in urine or plasma was discovered.3. TTX analogs identified from pufferfish are 6-epi TTX and 11-deoxy TTX, and from newt are 6-epi TTX, 11-deoxy TTX, anhydro-6-epi TTX, 11-deoxy-4-epi TTX and anhydro-11-deoxy TTX.4. When njected TTX and anhydro TTX mixture (1 : 4) to abdominal cavity of pufferfishes, the reciprocal conversion between both are very few. Accordingly, it is out of the bonds of possibility that anhydro TTX is the source of TTX in pufferfish.5. Nonpoisonous pufferfishes bred with poisonous pufferfihes in the sea water contained high percentage of antibiotics are toxify, so it is probable that a TTX productive bacteria is not the source of toxification in research.6. Toxicity of japanese newt is more than toxicity of poisonous pufferfish's liver.7. TTX is not need to spawning and growth in poisonous pufferfish.