A theoretical and positive research of temporary increase rule of process capacity for absorbing fluctuation of demand in make-to-order business

在车间中，管理层控制生产能力，以吸收到达工件的工作量的波动。生产能力的控制可以通过加班、外部订单、正式员工之外的临时员工等方式来实现。本研究分析了临时生产能力增加所控制的行为特征，提出了设计这种系统的一些步骤。在这种情况下，车间必须知道何时增加生产能力，增加多少生产能力，或由于工作到达和工作时间的波动，机器可能会闲置。这不是能力增加的预期结果。当生产能力由临时增加来控制时，其时机（何时增加）和大小（增加多少）是一个问题。(1)研究了等待时间（或期末积压）、空闲时间和顾客流失率的特征。（2）积压可以成为一种缓冲，因为当需求福尔斯下降时，积压减少了车间空闲时间开始的机会。在大规模生产车间中，认为在作业中起作用的积压与库存同样重要。(3)提出了一种车间主动调节积压量、临时适时增加生产能力的控制方法，并对效果进行了分析。(4)提出了设计这种控制系统的一些步骤。

In a job shop, management controls the production capacity in order to absorb the fluctuation of the quantity of work for the arriving jobs. The control of production capacity may be accomplished by overtime work, outside order and temporary employees outside regular personnel etc.In this research, behavior characteristics that is controlled by temporarily production capacity increase are analyzed and some procedures for designing of this system are proposed.In such a case, the shop must know when to increase the capacity and by how much, or machines may become idle because of the fluctuations in job arrivals and working time. This is not the result expected from a capacity increase. When the production capacity is controlled by temporary increase, its timing (when to increase) and magnitude(by how much) are problems.The following results are obtained.(1) Characteristics of waiting time(or backlog at the end of the period), idle time and rate of losing customers are investigated.(2)Backlog can become a buffer in the sense that when demand falls, having backlog reduces the chance of idle time onset in the shop. It is insisted that the backlog acting in job is as important as inventory in largescale production shop.(3) A control that the shop has positively moderate quantity of backlog and increase the production capacity temporarily and timely is proposed, and the effect is analyzed.(4) Some procedures for designing of this control system are proposed.