Studies on fungal volatiles as oviposition attractants for the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (GUENEE) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

在室内和田间笼内研究了桃黄蛾对8种真菌的引诱和产卵反应。妊娠蛾被引诱并在寄主植物苹果树的果实上产卵。用乙醚浸泡苹果果实可使其丧失引诱力，但接菌后引诱力又恢复到较高水平。在发霉的年糕上也观察到类似的引诱作用。相比之下，腐烂的苹果或年糕，感染细菌而不是真菌抑制产卵的雌蛾。从发霉的苹果仁或米糕中，枝孢属，烟曲霉和毛霉属）中分离出在Czapek培养基上生长时，前两个品种表现出最高的吸引力，而后两个品种的吸引力较低。在供试的4种植物病原真菌中，寄生内壳菌和番茄早疫病菌也具有较强的致病性。为了比较在改良琼脂培养基上培养的真菌的引诱性，用D-葡萄糖或D-果糖代替Czapek培养基中的蔗糖。在含D-葡萄糖或D-果糖的培养基上生长的毛霉比在含蔗糖的培养基上生长的毛霉更有吸引力。在<alpha>Czapek培养基中加入β-酮基-谷氨酸和L-精氨酸，对青霉的引诱作用增强。另一方面，当接种青霉菌的培养基通过甲醇醋酸汞捕集器时，没有雌蛾被吸引到顶空气味。在田间笼中，蛾产卵显着更多的产卵基质上与青霉诱饵。比新鲜的苹果或未诱饵的对照。

Attraction and oviposition responses of the yellow peach moth to eight species of fungi were investigated inlaboratory and field cages. The gravid moths were attracted to and oviposited on fruits of the codling,a host plant. The attractancy was removed from a fersh codling fruit by dipping it in ether, but higher attractancy reappeared subsequently when the fruit was inoculated with fungi. Similar attractancy was obseved on a mouldy rice cake. By contrast, a rotten codling or rice cake, infested with bacteria rather than fungi inhibited oviposition by the female moths. From the mouldy codling or rice cake, four fungi (Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergilus fumigatus and Mucor sp.) were isolated. When grown on Czapek's medium, the first two species showed the highest attractancy, while the last two species were less attractive. Among four phytopathogenic fungi tested, Endothia parasitica and Alternaria solani were also attractive. To compare attractancy of the fungi cultured on modified agar media, sucrose in Czapek's medium was replaced with D-glucose or D-fructose. Mucor sp. grown on the medium with D-glucose or D-fructose was more attractive than that grown on the medium with sucrose. When <alpha>-keto-glutaric acid and L-arginine were added to Czapek' medium, attractancy of Penicillium sp. increased. On the other hand, no female moth was attracted to head space odor of Penicillium-inoculated medium when it was passed through methanolic mercury acetate trap. In a field cage, the moths oviposited significantly more on the oviposition substrats baited with Penicillium sp. than on a fresh codling or unbaited control.