Alois Riehl’s Critical Realism. Spatial and Temporal Foundations of Science

更广泛的研究背景/理论框架阿洛伊斯·里尔在他的三卷本著作《哲学批评及其对实证科学的意义》（1876年，1879年，1887年）中发展了一种复杂的实在论哲学，并以“Sentio，ergo sum et est”为口号为之辩护。尽管独立于精神的实在性问题在科学史和科学哲学中得到了广泛而深入的讨论，但这本书几乎被遗忘了。假设/研究问题/目标通过关注里尔对康德时空学说的修正及其对实证科学的适应，可以将哲学批判理解为一个面向问题的系统，它汇集了所有部分方面，并提供了一个全面的系统研究（研究集群1）。为了对里尔的时空理论（特别是从19世纪60年代到80年代）进行历史分析，哲学批评是基于具体的科学问题进行研究的，例如几何公理的地位，世界的维度，因果关系，以及生理学和心理学界限的确定（研究组2）。这导致了一种科学哲学的概念，在这种概念中，对时间和空间的先验论的看似不合时宜的坚持使一种以原则为导向的现实主义成为可能，从而形成了一种批判的但定性的现实主义（研究集群3）。这三个理论研究集群，以及对所有原始材料的评估，成为Meiner出版的批判性（非历史批判性）新版《哲学批判》（研究集群4）的起点。方法/方法两种方法相结合的项目：首先，语境化的方法，有关的基本哲学调查里尔的理论空间和时间;其次，文献学的工作，有关编辑的哲学批评。独创性/创新水平该项目呈现了里尔对科学的现实启发的观点的历史背景，以及新康德主义和实证主义。因此，时间和空间的理论是第一次全面突出，是理解批判实在论的关键，也是使它进入当前关于实在论/反实在论的辩论的关键。这使得科学哲学的概念得以发展，它将历史、哲学和科学紧密地联系在一起，形成了科学哲学史上一个至关重要但迄今几乎完全被忽视的来源。通过新版本、国际会议和论文，该项目使一本非常重要的书再次被专家和更广泛的读者所了解。该项目将由PI和一名学生助理进行，为期三年。该小组得到国际合作伙伴的支持。

Wider research context/theoretical framework Alois Riehl developed in his three-volume work “The Philosophical Criticism and its Significance for the Positive Science” (1876, 1879, 1887) a sophisticated philosophy of realism, and defends it with the slogan “Sentio, ergo sum et est”. Although the question of a mind-independent reality is intensively and widely discussed in history and philosophy of science, this is an almost forgotten book. Hypotheses/research questions/objectives By focusing on Riehl’s revision of Kant’s doctrine of space and time, and its adaptation for the positive sciences, it becomes possible to understand the Philosophical Criticism as a problem-oriented system that brings together all partial aspects, and provides a comprehensive systematic investigation (research cluster 1). In order to give a historical analysis of Riehl’s theory of space and time (especially from the 1860s to the 1880s), the Philosophical Criticism is examined based on concrete scientific problems, such as the status of geometric axioms, the dimension of the world, the cause-effect relationship, and the determination of the limits of physiology and psychology (research cluster 2). This results in a conception of philosophy of science in which the seemingly anachronistic adherence to an apriorism of time and space enables a principle orientated empiricism, and thus a critical but qualitative realism (research cluster 3). These three theoretical research clusters, as well as an evaluation of all source materials become the starting point for a critical (not historical-critical) new edition of the Philosophical Criticism published by Meiner (research cluster 4). Approach/methods Two methods are combined within the project: Firstly, the contextualizing approach, related to the fundamental philosophical investigation of Riehl’s theory of space and time; and secondly, the philological work, related to the editing of the Philosophical Criticism. Level of originality/innovation The project presents a historical contextualization of Riehl’s realistically inspired views about science, alongside neo-Kantianism and Positivism. Thus the theory of time and space is highlighted for the first time comprehensively, and is the key to understanding critical realism and for making it accessible to current debates on realism/antirealism. This allows a concept of philosophy of science strongly interconnecting history, philosophy, and science to be developed, which forms a crucial but so far almost completely disregarded source in the history of scientific philosophy. With the new edition, the international conference, and the papers, the project makes a very important book accessible once again—both to experts and to a wider readership. Primary researchers involved The project will be carried out by the PI and a student assistant, for three years. The team is supported by international cooperation partners.