Study of the Structure of Elementary Particles in e-p Collisions (International Collaboration at HERA)

高能下的电子-质子碰撞实际上是电子-夸克碰撞，因此提供了有关电子和/或夸克结构的新信息，以及它们在很短距离内的基本相互作用。赫拉是第一台挑战这种可能性的e-p对撞机。不仅加速器需要许多创新，探测器也需要在对撞机上进行实验。例如，为了重建从带电电流弱相互作用中产生的中微子能量，高质量的强子量热仪是必要的，以便准确地测量末态强子。为了应对大量束流带来的高冲突率，需要采用并行处理技术来进行高效的触发和数据采集。本课题主要研究了Zeus探测器的基本设计和构造问题，包括以下几个方面：1)用于量热计的塑料闪烁体的抗辐射性能测试，2)吸收体厚与闪烁体厚度之比的e/h补偿功率的检测，3)光电倍增管DC-DC转换高压电源的研制4)新材料磁场屏蔽的设计、测试和生产，5)6000个光电倍增管的自动测试和校准，6)研发和建造用于强子和电子分离的固体探测器，7)研发和建造全球第一级触发器管道。在此研究的基础上，探测器部件如期完成。自HERA开始运行以来，他们工作正常，并显示出预期的质量。

Electron-Proton collisions at high energies are in practice electron-quark collisions and thus provide new information on the electron and/or quark structure, on their fundamental interactions at very short distances. HERA is the first e-p collider which challenges this possibility. There are many innovations needed not only for the accelerator but also for a detector to undertake experiments at the collider. For instance, in order to reconstruct the neutrino energy emerging from a charged current weak interaction, high quality hadron calorimeter is necessary so that final state hadrons are measured accurately. In order to cope with the high collision rate due to the large number of bunches, parallel processing technique is needed to make an efficient triggering and data aquisition.This research program concentrated on the basic design and construction issues of the ZEUS detector such as followings ;1) Radiation resistivity test of plastic scintillator to be used for calorimeter,2) Examination of the e/h compensation w.r.t.the ration of the absorber and scintillator thicknesses,3) R&D of a dc-dc conversion high-voltage supplies for photomultipliers4) Design, test and production of magnetic field shields with a new material,5) Test and calibration of 6000 photomultipliers with an automatic test system,6) R&D and construction of solid state detectors to be used for hadron and electron separation in a calorimeter,7) R&D and construction of a pipeline global first level trigger. Based on this research, the detector components were completed as scheduled. Since HERA began operation, they are working properly and show expected qualities.