Mandala of Making Pilgrimages to Buddhist Temples and Shinto shrines : A Study from the aspects of historiography, Iconography and Historical Geography

目的：到目前为止，日本从中世纪晚期到近代早期的过渡中的宗教、社会和知识方面在很大程度上被历史学家所忽视，尽管这些方面的线索可以在当代流行的绘画中找到，比如到宗教机构朝圣的曼荼罗。本研究旨在对这些绘画作品的历史来源进行基本调查，在全国范围内找到可用的艺术作品，并建立其设计和图像的数据库，并检查讲述曼荼罗所体现的故事的racontours的生活，以及重建个别艺术作品中描绘的路线。结果：以黑田教授为首的研究小组在最初的两年里，取得了如下结果，但其中许多尚未完全完成：（1）根据口头和书面调查，并参考大坂市政府出版的一份插图目录 ...更多信息 （2）在对京都附近33座观音寺的现状进行反复调查后，完成了清水寺朝圣的初步报告，准备出版大坂的世福寺和滋贺的长明寺的类似报告;（3）关于民间崇拜、流行艺人和社会边缘人的资料来源的基本调查也在进行中;（4）关于《观音菩萨经》的各种文本（十个精神世界曼荼罗）已经定位，拍照和检查，一个完整的论文题为“宇宙的Kan-shin Jikkai曼荼罗”完成，并印在这个项目的正式报告给文部省;（五）阐明曼荼罗框架内所描绘的日月、云彩、山石、河流、池塘和海洋、树木和灌木以及人物等物品的象征意义的努力将在两年内以文章的形式发表。少

Aim: The religious, social and intellectual aspects of the transition from late medieval to early modern times in Japan has so far been largely neglected by historians, although clues to these aspects can be found in such contemporary popular paintings as mandalas of pilgrimages to religious establishments. This study aims to conduct a basic survey of historical sources concerning the production of these paintings, to locate available art works throughout the country and build up a database of their design and iconography, and to examine the lives of the racontours who preached on the stories embodied in the mandala as well as reconstructing the routes depicted in the individual art works.Results: In the first two years of the proposed study, the group headed by Professor Kuroda has attained the following results, although many of them are not yet fully com-pleted: (1) Based on oral and written inquiries, and with reference to a published il-lustrated catalogue compiled by the Osaka Ci … More ty museum, a database for information on the about 200 original art works located has been substantially prepared; (2) After repeated surveys of present-day conditions at the 33 Kannon Monasteries in the neighbor-hood of Kyoto, a preliminary report on the pilgrimage to Kiyomizu-dera has been com-pleted for publication and preparations for similar reports have been made concerning Sefukuji in Osaka and Chomeiji in Shiga; (3) Basic surveys are also in progress for sources relating to folk worship, popular entertainers and socially marginal persons; (4) On the various texts of the Kanshin jikkai mandara (The Ten Spiritual Worls Mandala) already located, photographed and examined, a full paper entitled "The Cosmos of Kan-shin Jikkai Mandala" was completed, and printed in the official report of this project to the Monbusho; and (5) Efforts made to clarify the symbolic meaning of such items as the sun and moon, clouds, mountains and rocks, rivers, ponds and the sea, trees and bushes, as well as characters, depicted in the framework of mandalas will, within two years, be published in the form of articles. Less