Development on Neuronavigation System and Application for Neurosurgery

这项研究的目的是通过向外科医生反馈打印信息来提高神经外科的准确性。实时打印信息预计将显示在三维计算机图形成像上。本研究旨在利用1985至1986年间研发的三维数字化仪器，对神经导航系统进行改进。本研究的要点如下：第一，利用超声波(US)发生器和接收器探测地形信息的调查。第二，显示从电视摄像机输入的CT图像重建的三维脑图像。实验结果表明，在颅外应用超声探头进行穴位探测是非常困难的。然而，用多普勒方法检测血管成分是可能的，这些信息在外科手术中是适用的。利用小型机对CT图像进行三维重建，最后由常规二平面血管造影术重建血管树的三维图像，并与序列CT图像中的脑三维图像相结合。改进后的神经导航系统已被用于术前设计和/或导航，以切除深层脑肿瘤或清除脑内血肿，并被评估为非常有用的神经外科医生的支持系统。

The goal of this research is to improve the accuracy of neurosurgery through feeding back the typographical information to surgeons. The real time typographical information was expected to display on a three-dimensional computer graphic imaging. This research was intended to ameliorate the neuronavigator system using three-dimensional digitizer developed from 1985 to 1986. The points of this study were as follows; first, investigation to detect topographical information using ultrasound (US) generator and receivers. Second, display of three-dimensional brain image reconstructed from CT images inputted from tv camera. The topographical information and the brain image was integrated.As results of trial, detection of points using us probe was very difficult, if it was applied extracranially. However, the detection of vascular component was possible using doppler method and the information was applicable in surgery. Three-dimensional reconstruction form ct images was successful using a minicomputer.Finally, three-dimensional images of vascular tree were reconstructed from conventional two-plane angiogram, and combined with three-dimensional brain image from serial CT images. The improved neuronavigator system has been used for preoperative design and/or navigation for removal of deep-seated brain tumor or evacuation of intracerebral hematoma, and evaluated as very useful supportive system for neurosurgeons.