Unraveling the timing and style of the India-Asia collision and temporal evolution of the western Himalayan fold and thrust belt, Pakistan

喜马拉雅褶皱冲断带形成于印度-亚洲碰撞期间，是研究岩石圈与气候过程之间系统反馈的杰出天然实验室。通过研究沉积物源-汇网络和相邻褶皱冲断带的构造样式，可以研究充满同造山沉积物的沉积盆地的演化及其随后并入褶皱冲断带。在造山环境中，碰撞和相关的新生隆起的证据往往被强烈的构造运动和侵蚀叠加所掩盖，沉积盆地中存档的碎屑物质的物源研究可以提供有关源区构造历史的不可或缺的信息。这些研究提供了对碎屑物质的折返和搬运历史及其源区特征的深入了解。此外，碎屑热年代学的前陆盆地沉积物允许重建的热历史和折返的造山系统和/或褶皱冲断带的热历史的演变。喜马拉雅山不同地区的地层剖面被用来解码印度-亚洲会聚相关事件的碎屑信号。位于喜马拉雅山脉最西端的苏莱曼山脉的完整地层剖面可以为研究印度-亚洲会聚相关事件和喜马拉雅演化提供新的视角。在这个项目中，我们的目标是整合地质，热年代学和碎屑锆石U/Pb年代学数据集从中，新生代沉积序列在苏莱曼山脉，以解决印度-亚洲的收敛历史，并提供详细的时间约束的褶皱和冲断系统的结构演化。通过对这些沉积物的物源分析，特别是利用新的碎屑锆石U-Pb数据，可以更好地检验相互竞争的印度-亚洲碰撞模型，这些数据可以区分印度板块、亚洲板块和科希斯坦-拉达克弧源。我们将使用磷灰石裂变径迹和磷灰石和锆石（U-Th-m）/He热年代学结合构造数据，以量化的变形苏莱曼褶皱冲断带沉积物和西喜马拉雅褶皱冲断带的构造演化。

The Himalaya fold and thrust belt formed during the India - Asia collision and serves as an outstanding natural laboratory to study systematic feedbacks between lithospheric and climatic processes. The evolution of sedimentary basins filled with syn-orogenic sediments and their subsequent incorporation into fold-and-thrust belts can be studied by examining sediment source-to-sink networks and the structural style of the adjacent fold-and-thrust belts. In orogenic settings where evidence of collision and associated nascent uplift is often obscured by strong tectonothermal and erosional overprints, provenance studies of clastic material archived in sedimentary basins can provide indispensable information about the tectonic history of the source areas. Such studies offer an in-depth view into the exhumation and transport history of the clastic material and the characteristics of its source areas. Additionally, detrital thermochronometry of foreland basin sediments allows for the reconstruction of the thermal and exhumation histories of the evolving orogenic systems and/or the thermal history of the fold-and-thrust belt. Stratigraphic sections from different parts of the Himalayas have been used to decode the detrital signals of the India-Asia convergence related events. The complete stratigraphic sections in the Sulaiman Range, located at the westernmost end of the Himalayas, can provide new insights into India-Asia convergence related events and Himalayan evolution. In this project, we aim to integrate geological, thermochronological and detrital zircon U/Pb geochronological datasets from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary successions in the Sulaiman Range to address the convergence history of the India-Asia and to provide detailed timing constraints for the structural evolution of the fold and thrust system. Competing India-Asia collisional models can be better tested through provenance analyses of these sediments, particularily with new detrital zircon U-Pb data, which can distinguish among Indian plate, Asian plate and Kohistan-Ladakh arc sources. We will use apatite fission track and apatite and zircon (U-Th-m)/He thermochronology combined with structural data to quantify the deformation of the Sulaiman fold-and-thrust belt sediments and the structural evolution of the western Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt.