Ecological Study of Vegetation Dynamics under Human Activity in the Eastern North American Cultural Region for Comparison with Japan

数据收集包括从美国佛罗里达地区尽可能多的植被取样。S. A.到加拿大的魁北克，从大西洋内陆到阿巴拉契亚山脉，距离约3000公里。1988年至1990年，采用Braun-Blanquet高程法对天然植被和替代植被进行了调查。这些植被包括格鲁吉亚沿海的盐沼植被、佛罗里达半岛的红树林植被、干旱至中温带的万年青阔叶林弗吉尼亚栎（Quercus virginiana）和湿润地区的波斯沼泽木兰（Persea palustris Magnolia virginiana）林以及低山和冲积区的落叶栎林、水青冈（Fagus grandifolia）林、鹅掌楸林、山核桃林等。在较高的山地，亚高山针叶林（冷杉），白桦林，一些灌木群落（如杜鹃花等）。进行了调查。在美国东海岸的最北部，S. A.到加拿大，泥炭沼泽植被被收集。特别是在该地区，甘蔗林进行了调查。此外，还对替代植被进行了调查，包括棕榈松林、藤本植物覆盖群落、车前属植物践踏群落等。S. A.没有任何传统的神社或寺庙森林可与日本相比。大多数平坦地区被开发并变成住宅、耕地、牧场、次生林，如美国东南部和沿海的松林。S.一、还有Liquidamber森林由于闪电和/或人类影响的燃烧，松林比以前更广泛。山区和丘陵地区没有天然植被，然而，令人钦佩的是，天然森林的大树仍然存在和/或种植在住宅，公共建筑和/或公园周围。

Data collection involved sampling of the vegetation as many sites as possible across the region from Florida in the U. S. A. to Quebec in Canada and from the Atlantic Ocean inland to the Appalachian Mountains, a distance of about 3000km. From 1988 to 1990, natural and substitute vegetation were investigated by the method of Braun-Blanquet releves. These include salt-marsh vegetation in coastal Georgia, mangrove vegetation in Florida Peninsula, evergreen broad-leaved forests of Quercus virginiana on dry to mesic sites and Persea palustris Magnolia virginiana forests on wet sites and, decituous forests such as deciduous Quercus forests, Fagus grandifolia forest, Liriodendron forest, Carya forest on the lower mountain and alluvial area. On the higher mountains, subalpine conifer (Abies) forest, Betula forest, some shrub communities (such like Rhododendron comm. etc.) were surveyed. In the northernmost part of the east coast of the U. S. A. to Canada, peat bog vegetation was collected. Especially in this region, cer saccharum forest was surveyed. Some substitute vegetation was also sampled, including Palmetto Pinus forest, mantle communities with vines, trampled communities with Plantago etc. Total sampling plots were about 1500.There are no virgin forests in Eastern North America, since the U. S. A. does not have any tradition of shrine or temple forests comparable to Japan. Most flat areas are developed and changed to residences, cultivated fields, pastures, secondary forests, such as Pinus forests in the southeastern and coastal U. S. A., and Liquidamber forest. Pinus forests are spread more than before because of lightning and/or burning by human impact. No natural vegetation remain in the mountain and hill area, however, it is admired that the large trees of natural forest are remained and/or planted surroundings of residences, public buildings and/or in parks.