Study of Educational Program Aimed at the Active Auditory Learning of Hearing-Impaired Preschool Children

从27名1~6岁听障儿童中抽取50例听觉学习活动，记录这些儿童的听觉行为和母亲或教师对听觉学习的干预指导，并从神经学、心理学、教育学和听力学的角度进行分析。神经学方面：大脑对听觉刺激的“选择性注意”功能对发展听觉机制很重要。然而，由于听力障碍，视觉自然比听力占优势。因此，必须强调听觉感知，使其能够与其他感觉形式竞争。心理方面：听觉发育表现为跟随儿童的心理发育。例如，孩子对母亲的依赖是一岁儿童的一种心理特征，听障儿童在审计…中遵循母亲的模式在这个年龄段，更多的人会有更强烈的行为。在两岁时，孩子会变得非常好奇，所以孩子也会根据自己的好奇心扩展他/她的听觉行为。此外，母亲对孩子的感受产生共鸣，并通过手势或言语表达出来，这是必要的，以使孩子的行为活跃。教育方面：母亲使用眼神、手势、言语等进行引导和建模，以及开发教材时的创造性想法--例如，玩具和游戏等--被认为是刺激和敦促孩子主动听觉学习的因素。听力学方面：必须保证输入信号超过听力阈值，通过使用助听器产生放大。母亲还必须确保，她和孩子尽可能靠近声源，尽可能地展示声源，尽可能减少周围的噪音，从而突出主要的声源，这是非常重要的，让孩子变得有意识的声音。较少

The 50 examples of the auditory learning activities were taken from 27 hearing-impaired children with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years old, these children's auditory behavior and the intervention guidance of the mother or the teacher toward auditory learning were recorded, these were then analyzed from the standpoint of neurology, psychology, education and audiology. Neurological Aspects: The brain function of "selective attention" to the auditory stimulus is important to develop the auditory mechanism. However because of hearing impairment, the visual perception naturally predominates that of audition. So the auditory perception has to be emphasized, to enable it to compete with the other sensory modalities. Psychological Aspects: The auditory development was shown to follow the psychological development of the child. For example, the dependency on the mother by the child is a psychological peculiar feature in one year olds, the hearing-impaired child follows the mother's model in audit … More ory behavior most strongly at this age. At two years old, the child becomes highly curious, so the child also extends his/her auditory behavior, following his/her curiosity.Also the mother's empathizing with the child's feeling and expressing it with gestures or speech is necessary to make the child's behavior active. Educational Aspects: The mother's leading and modeling using a look, gesture, speech and so on, and creative ideas in developing teaching materials-for example,playthings and games etc. are considered to stimulate and urge the active auditory learning of the child. Audiological Aspects: It is essential that the input signals are guaranteed to exceed the hearing threshold, the amplification being produced by use of a hearing aid. The mother must also make sure, she gets as near as possible to the sound source with the child, shows the sound source also whenever possible to reduce the surrounding noise so as to highlight the main sound source, this is very important to enable the child to become conscious of the sound. Less