STUDIES OF THE METABOLIC CHROMOSOME IN VIEW OF THE KARYOTYPE THEORY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PHYLOGENETIC PROGRESS IN HIGHER PLANTS

1. 一些分类类群被归为代谢染色体核型。（1). 蕨类植物;鳞片藓属、裸藓属、斑藓属和大部分斑藓属为弥散型，其余为原染色体型。（2). 裸子植物;松科和云杉科为复色中心型，红杉科和柏科为弥散色中心型，石竹科为单色中心型。（3). 被子植物;观察到蓼科、蔷薇科、菊科、百合科和兰科。它们的代谢核型具有一定的特征，并有相应的核型。利用染色体图像分析系统对代谢染色体进行定量分析是有效的。同时，低通滤光片的使用使得对浓缩染色质的定量识别与人眼一样成为可能。并利用Neopan F和Microfine在图像分析条件下进行了强组合。对31种兰科植物间期染色质的形态、分布和DNA含量与间期染色体核型的关系进行了观察。因此，原染色体型的DNA含量较低，弥散型的DNA含量较高，色心型的DNA含量介于两者之间。在葱属植物中，以380bp为单位的重复DNA序列分布在代谢染色体的浓缩染色质区。进一步的调查将进行如下。（1). 关于本报告中代谢染色体核型与某些系统发育类群一致的结果，代谢染色体反映系统发育进程的程度或分类水平如何？（2). 代谢性染色体核型与近缘属或种的地理、生态分化的关系。（3). 代谢染色体核型与细胞学特征、中期染色体长度、DNA含量等的关系(4)。代谢染色体核型的形成与染色质的实质差异、染色体节段结构、染色质微观结构、特定DNA碱基组成有何关系？少

1. Some taxonomical groups were categorized into the metabolic chromosome karyotypes. (1). Pteridophytes; Lepidophytina, Psilophytina, Sphenophytina and most of Pterophytina were shown the diffuse type, and others were shown the prochromosome type. (2). Gymnosperms; Pinaceae and Araucariaceae were shown the complex chromocenter type, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae were shown the diffuse type, and Podocarpaceae were shown the simple chromocenter type. (3). Angiosperms; Polycarpicae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae and orchidaceae were observed. Their metabolic karyotypes were characterized some karyotypes corresponding to each taxonomical groups.2. Use of the chromosome image analyzing system was effective for quantifying of the metabolic chromosomes. At the same time, use of the Lowpass filter made the same quantitative recognition of the condensed chromatin possible as by human sight. And use both Neopan F and Microfine made a strong combination under the image analyzing condition.3. In … More 31 species of Orchidaceae, the relations between the shape, distribution and DNA content of interphase chromatin and the interphase chromosome karyotypes, were observed. Consequently, the value of DNA content in the species showing prochromosome type was low, diffuse type was high and chromocenter type was middle between two types as previous mentioned.4. In Allium species, the repeated DNA sequence organized in about 380bp unit were distributed in the condensed chromatin region at the metabolic chromosome.5. Further investigation will be developed as follows. (1). Regarding the results in this report that showed the coincident between metabolic chromosome karyotype and some phylogenetic groups, what extent degree or taxonomical level does the metabolic chromosome reflect the phylogenetic progress? (2). Relations between the metabolic chromosome karyotype and geographical, ecological differenti-ation in one related genera or species. (3). Relations between the metabolic chromosome karyotype and cytological characters, metaphase chromosome length, DNA content, etc. (4). How does the formation of metabolic chromosome karyotype relate to substantial difference of chromatin, chromosome segmental structure, microstructure of chromatin, specific DNA base composition. Less