Historical Perspectives on Agro-Ecological Development and Human Mobility in China

以往对中国农业史的研究，往往倾向于在汉学的框架下进行文本批判，缺乏建立在大量观察和实地访谈基础上的更具弹性的假说。该项目由自然地理学、农业生态学、森林生态学、人类学、历史学家和考古学家等学科的更多实地调查研究人员组织实施。该项目产生的一些假设如下：1.沙漠盆地和四川盆地是中生代地层含盐层侵蚀形成的大型天坑。草原在广阔的欧亚平原上延伸，被认为是由人类活动形成的，人类活动在原有的落叶灌木上进行操作，以建立牧场。灌木的消失被认为在新石器时代中期之前就已经完成了。…突然出现的谷子文化新石器时代早期的Kahoku平原更多的是由7世纪在西亚绿洲建立的灌溉小麦农业的冲动传播形成的。然后，绿洲类型的灌溉栽培显然继续进行到坎舒库和KYOUSEI之间的边界。高句谷谷子栽培的影响导致了野生稻品种的驯化，从而引发了湿稻栽培。据推测，水稻驯化建立在受潮汐影响的沿海平原和长江中游的泛滥平原。坎舒库和中国西部的彩陶似乎与西亚的彩陶有更近的相似之处，但与龟仙汉初出现的鱼彩陶有明显的不同。小麦文化盛行于玉山年间。在青铜时代，草原游牧民族在牧业中使用嘶哑骑马，并夺取了强大的军事力量。鄂尔多斯和鲁里斯坦青铜文化是骑着嘶哑的游牧民族涌出形成青铜文化的两个喷口。这两种文化可以被理解为代表着欧亚草原平原两端的实体。一组人偏离到联合国，在那里他们创造了SEKISAISAN文化，并进一步下游创造了东宋文化。粮食耕作渗透到印度支那半岛的山谷。在顺俊。仙谷时期，HYAKUETSU和HYAKUBOKU移民到马来群岛工作，将稻米文化带到了一起。另一方面，这些人的装饰动机甚至蔓延到蒙古平原。较少

Past studies on agricultural history of China show a tendency to stick to a text critique in the framework of the sinology, and lack in generating more elastic hypotheses which are based on substantial observations and keen interviews with farmers in the field. This project was organized by more field work-oriented researchers of those disciplines like natural geography, agricultural ecology, forest ecology, anthropology, as well as historians and archaeologists.Some hypotheses generated in this project are as follows,1. Desert basins and Ssu Chuan basin are large-scale sinkholes which have been formed as a result of corrosion of salt-bearing layers in Mesozoic formations.2. Steppe which extends in the vast Eurasian plain is supposed to have been formed by humanactivities which operated on originally existing deciduous shrub for the creation of pasture. The disappearance of the shrub is supposed to have been completed until the mid-Neolithic era.3. Millet culture which appeared suddenl … More y at early stage of Neolithic era in KAHOKU plain was formed by the impulse spread of irrigated wheat farming which was established in oases of West Asia in the seventh millenium. Oasis type irrigation culture then apparently proceeded to the boundary between KANSHUKU and KYOUSEI.4. The influence of Millet culture in KAHOKU induced the domestication of wild rice varieties to result in the initiations of wet rice culture. The rice domestication was assumingly established in the tide-affected coastal plains of and also in flooded plain in the mid-streams of the yangtse.5. The painted potteries of KANSHUKU and western China seem to have closer similarities to those of West Asia while they are apparently different from those fish-painted potteres which appeared at the early HANPA stage in KYOUSEI.6. Wheat culture become popular in RYUUZAN period.7. In the bronze era, nomadic people the steppe employed hoarse-riding in the pastoralism, and took a big military power. There were two vents where the hoarse-riding nomadic people gushed out and made the bronze culture, eg., Ordos and Luristan bronze culture. These two cultures may be understood as representing an entity at two terminals of the steppe plain of Eurosia. One group deviated to UN-NAN where they made SEKISAISAN culture and further downstream to make Dong Song culture. Grain-farming penetrated to the valleys of Indochina peninsular.8. In SHUNJUN. SENGOKU period, HYAKUETSU and HYAKUBOKU migrated to Insular Malay worked, bringing rice culture together. On the other hand decorative motives of these people spreaded even Mongolian plain. Less