Study of New Search and Rescue Systems with Multiple Satellites

美国、苏联、法国和加拿大四个国家正在讨论建立世界范围的搜救卫星系统。卫星电子编码，旨在投入实际使用。但是，该系统只包含遇险信号，根据卫星信号计算遇险区域的位置，而不包含幸存者最重要的信息。通过固定移动通信卫星进行了超前搜救系统试验；ETS-5被称为KIKU-5。该实验系统采用救生衣上的遇害者生存检测传感器（ECG），通过接收浮标上的GPS卫星信号来定位。浮标在420 ~ 44OMHz范围内自动扫描，并对心电信号进行解调，将重要信息和导航信息以分组信号的形式发送回定点通信卫星。本系统具有以下特点：通讯范围广，24小时可操作。双向通信是可能的。包含受害者的重要信息。定位精度较好（+/-10m）。COSPAS-SARSAT系统没有关于救援的信息，因此很难被称为适合灾后分诊和紧急治疗。有了这个实验系统，可以在24小时内，在一个遥远的地方实时确认位置。作为一种新型的搜救系统，在灾后救人似乎非常有用、实用、可行。

Four countries, the U. S. A., the Soviet Union, French and Canada, are discussing on the world-wide satellite system for search and rescue by means of COSPAS SARSAT ; satellite EPIRB which is aimed to put to practical use. But, this system contain only the distress signal calculate the position at the distress area on basis of signal on satellite, and do not contain the most important informations of the survivors.We have experiments for the advance search and rescue system via stationary mobile communications satellite ; ETS-5 called KIKU-5. This experimental system uses a victim survival checking sensor (ECG) with life jacket, and gets position with recieving GPS satellite signals on the buoy. The buoy scans automatically from 420 to 44OMHz and demodulates ECG signal, sends vital information and navigation informations back to the stational communications satellite as packet signal.This system has the following characteristics.1. Communication range is wide.2.24 hour operation is possible.3. Two way communications possible.4. Contains victim vital informations.5. Locationing precision is relativry good (+/-10m).COSPAS-SARSAT system has no information about rescue, so it can hardly be called appropriate for triage and acute treatment after disasters. With this experimental system, it is possible to transm vital reaction faith fully, to confirm the location at a remote place in real time over 24 hours. It seems very useful, quite practical, and feasible to save human being after disaster as new search and rescue systems.