Studies on the Allelopathic or Pheromonal Lipids on the Body-Surface of Organisms.

山下：对山羊、绵羊、日本雪貂和日本鹿的皮脂质成分进行了研究。特定组分的绝对构型为：4-乙基脂肪酸（山羊）R、4-甲基脂肪酸（绵羊）R、2-羟基脂肪酸（鹿）R；Izaki：脂质生物合成的特异性抑制剂，特别是革兰氏阴性细菌包膜的抑制剂，是用各种微生物的培养液来寻找的。研究了革兰氏阴性厌氧菌脂肪酸合成特异性抑制剂硫代霉素的作用模式；Yasumoto：对4种形成水华的微藻进行了鱼毒和溶血物质的结构测定，鉴定出了高不饱和脂肪酸（C_< 18:5 w3 >, C_< 22:6 w3 >）和几种糖基甘油酯以及一种新的相关化合物；Ohrui：对特殊氘化糖的核磁共振研究使得分析唾液酸和KDO的首选构象以及唾液化低聚糖在溶液中的（2-6）键成为可能。分子内氢键对这些糖的优选构象起着重要作用；Matsuda：研究了6种叶甲虫对寄主植物叶片表面常见蜡质成分、正构烷烃、正醇和正烷酸的取食反应。不同寄主范围的6种中有4种被这些蜡成分刺激取食。正构烷烃（C_<21>-C_<25>）和（C_<30>-C_<33>）对赤藓有刺激作用；正醇C_<22>-C_<24>；正构烷烃C_<31>-C_<35>和正酸C_<24>-C_<26>；正构烷烃C_<27>-C_<31>。

Yamashita : Lipid components of sebum of goat, sheep, Japanese serow and Japanese deer were investigated. The absolute configurations of specific components were determined as follows : R for 4-ethyl-fatty acids (goat), R for 4-methyl-fatty acids (sheep) and R for for 2-hydroxy-fatty acids (deer) ; Izaki : Specific inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis, especially those of gram-negative bacterial envelopes, were searched with the culture fluids of verious microorganisms. Mode of action of thiolactomycin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, was also investigated ; Yasumoto : Structural determination of ichthyotoxic and hemolytic substances in four bloom forming microalgae was carried out and highly unsaturated fatty acids (C_<18 : 5W3>, C_<22 : 6W3>) and several glycosyl glycerides in addition to a new related compounds were identified ; Ohrui : The NMR studies with specifically deuterated sugars have made it possible to analyze the preferred conformations of sialic acid and KDO and (2-6) -linkages of sialilated oligosaccarides in solution. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds play impotant roles for the preferred conformations of these saccharides ; Matsuda : Feeding response by six leaf beetle species to common wax components of host plant leaf surface, n-alkanes, n-alcohols, and n-alkanoic acids were investigated. Four out of six species which have different host ranges were stimulated to feed by these wax components. Atrachya menestriesi was stimulated by n-alkanes C_<21>-C_<25> and C_<30>-C_<33> ; Chrysolina auricalcea by n-alcohols C_<22>-C_<24> ; Galerucella vittaticollis by n-alkanes C_<31>-C_<35> and n-acids C_<24>-C_<26> ; Pyrrhalta humeralis by n-alkanes C_<27>-C_<31>.