A Study of Onmyoudou from the point of view of folk religions

虽然阴阳道在日本宗教史上的地位并不重要，但对阴阳道的研究却很少。直到最近，宗教界才对阴阳道感兴趣。我们的研究题目“民间宗教视角下的阴阳道研究”听起来有些局限。但我们的目的是完全理解以阴阳道为基础的思想和仪式。因此，我们从两个方面着手。(1)开始调查与阴阳道有关的《若须类文献》、《寿古文献》等历史记录。在这些文件中，我们拍摄了重要记录的照片，从中我们可以了解阴阳师作为历史存在的活动和特征。通过调查，我们对阴阳师和阴阳道的初步结论如下：(1)从中世纪到近代早期，阴阳师的性格可能会有很大的不同。中世纪时期的阴阳师是大寺院的低级仆人，而近代早期的阴阳师只是个人自由意志的民间信仰的传播者。(2)当土见堂开始以阴阳师的形式组织无数民间信仰的承载者时，土见堂和玄根堂之间经常发生争吵。土见道辅利用这些获得了阴阳师的控制权，并于1791年获得了政府的批准。(2)我们对爱知县、长野县和静冈县进行了多次实地调查，了解了著名的花节。我们拍了很多照片和录像带。在花间礼的过程中，我们可以发现潜藏在仪式表演中的阴阳斗元素。尽管如此，由于阴阳豆的融合性，可能很难挑选和识别它。此外，我们还可以得到关于阴阳师在江户时代曾经居住过的村庄的重要记录，并继续整理资料。

Although Onmyoudou has played indespensive role in Japanese history of religions, researches focusing on Onmyoudou are a few. Scholars of religious studies were not interested in Onmyoudou until recently. Our title of research, 'A Study of Onmyoudou from the point of view of folk religions' seems to sound a little limited. But our intention is to understand thoughts and rituals based on Onmyoudou totally. Therefore we proceeded to works from two ways.(1) We started to investigate historical records relating to Onmyoudou such as Wakasugike document and Shougoin document. Among these documents, we took photographs of important records from which we can know the activity and character of Onmyouji as historical being. As a result of the invesigation, we came to tentative conclusion about Onmyouji and Onmyoudou as follows. (1) The character of Onmyouji might vary quite differently from the medieval period to the early modern period. With contrast to Onmyouji in the medieval period who had belonged to large monasteries as lower servant, Onmyouji in the early modern period was only a bearer of folk beliefs of his own free will. (2) When Tsuchimikadoke started to organize countless bearers of folk beliefs as Onmyouji, quarrels often occurred between-Tsuchimikadoke and Syugendou. Tsuchimikadoke used these to get the authority of control over Onmyouji, which was approved by Goverment in 1791.(2) We made field survey on Aichi prefecture, Nagano prefecture and Shizuoka prefecture for several times to get informations about the famous festival named Hanamaturi. We took a lot of photographs and videotapes. In process of Hanamaturi, we can recognize elements of Onmyoudou which were included in ritual performances latently. Nonetheless it may be difficult to pick up and identify Onmyoudou as it is because of its syncretic character. Furthermore We could get important records concerning to villages where Onmyouji had once lived in Edo period and continued to pigeonhole data.