Prague German Literature at the Turn of the Century and the Urban Space s the Frame of Imagination

本研究旨在从布拉格这座城市的地理和社会历史框架中解读世纪之交的德国文学。根据首席研究员在项目期间发表的主要研究人员的想法，新获得的结果如下：1)卡夫卡未完成的小说《Beschreibung eines Kampfes》包含了一个国家和语言批评问题。通过与另一位德裔犹太作家弗里茨·莫特纳的哲学作品的比较，我们可以确定卡夫卡从唯名论到现实主义的转变。2)这与布拉格德裔犹太社会面临捷克民众的反犹民族主义的处境有关。这个问题也是从城市化的角度来讨论的，在不断变化的城市范围内，例如以“Assanierung”的名义正在进行的拆毁犹太人区的工作。与这种卫生学相对立的疾病隐喻出现在迈林克的《妖怪》、勒平的《正义之神》和卡夫卡的《死亡的弗旺德龙》中。这些小说秉承了16世纪和17世纪所谓的布拉格狂想主义的传统。里尔克的一些早期作品和卡夫卡的《贝塔的故事》展示了墓地和采石场的复杂形象。用石头勾勒出的郊区地貌描绘了德国人、德国犹太人和捷克人在最后关头的生活世界，以及异化阶段下的世纪之交。

This Research aimed at explaining the Prague German literature at the turn of the century in the geographical and social-historical frame of that city. According to the ideas of the main paners which the head investigator published in the term of project, the newly gained results are as follows :1)Kafka's unfinished novel "Beschreibung eines Kampfes" contains a counitional and language-critical problem. In comparison with the philosophical works of Fritz Mauthner, another German-Jewish writer, we can establish Kafka's conversion from nominalism to realism.2)It is related to the situation of the German-Jewish society in Prague which was confronted with the anti-Semitic nationalism of the Czech masses. This subject is also treated in the aspect of urbanism, and that in the context of the changing cityscaoe, for example the demolition of the ghetto which was in progress under the name of "Assanierung".3)"Assanierung" was connected with the drainage work in the whole of Prague. The metaphors of illness which are opposed with such a hygienics appear in Meyrink's "Golem", Lerppin's "Das Gespenst der Judenstadt" and Kafka's "Die Verwandlung". These novels stand so in the tradition of the so-called Prague Manierism in the 16. and 17. century.4)Rilke's some early works and Kafka's "Der Prozejbeta" show the complex images of cemetery and quarry. The topography of the suburbs figured by the stones describes the life world of the Germans, the German-Jews and the Czechs at the fin de siecle and the turn of the century under the phase of alienation.