Studies on the mechanism of flagellar movement using mammalian seminal plasma motility inhibitor protein.

哺乳动物精浆中含有一种抑制剂，用于固定脱膜鞭毛运动。以公猪为原料制备精浆运动抑制剂（SPMI）。纯化后的SPMI在SDSPAGE中包含3个亚基，分别为14、16和18 KD。SPMI不仅能抑制哺乳动物的精子鞭毛运动，还能抑制鱼类和海胆的精子鞭毛运动，似乎具有普遍性。脱膜的海胆精子鞭毛经SPMI处理后，其弯曲幅度明显减小，然后不规则跳动，最后停止。SPMI抑制了双态微管的滑动解体，但鞭毛末端分裂成单个微管，弯曲得到松弛。SPMI可部分抑制atp酶活性。推测鞭毛弯曲的幅度与鞭毛轴突的粘弹性密切相关，SPMI增加了它。在高浓度SPMI存在的情况下，弯曲传播非常缓慢。在这种情况下，在弯曲传播过程中保留了一些波参数，表明这些参数对理解鞭毛运动的控制机制非常重要。研究了聚氨基酸对鞭毛运动的影响。只有碱性和高分子量（15kd或更高）的聚氨基酸如聚l -赖氨酸（PLL）才能抑制鞭毛的运动。锁相环抑制的是弯曲幅值而不是拍频。即使存在高浓度的PLL，弯曲也会松弛。这些结果表明，PLL的抑制方式与SPMI在某些部位相似。因此，PLL可能增加了微管间的粘弹性。将SPMI微量注射到海胆卵裂球中。SPMI在细胞分裂前的一段时间内具有一定的抑制作用。

Mammalian seminal plasma contains a inhibitor to immobilize the demembranated flagellar movement. The inhibitor (SPMI, seminal plasma motility inhibitor) was prepared from the boar. The purified SPMI was consisted with three subunits, 14, 16 and 18 KD in SDSPAGE. SPMI inhibited not only mammalian but also fish and sea urchin sperm flagellar movement so that it seemed to inhibit the flagellar movement universally. When the demembranated sea urchin sperm flagella were exposed to SPMI the amplitude of bend decreased apparently, followed by irregular beat and then, stopped. The sliding disintegration of doublet microtubules were inhibited by SPMI, however, the end of flagella split out to individual microtubules and the bends were relaxed. ATPase activity was partially inhibited by SPMI. It was assumed that the amplitude of flagellar bend was closely related to the viscoelasticity in flagellar axoneme and SPMI increased it. It was also observed that the very slow bend propagation occurred in the presence of high concentration of SPMI. In that case, some wave parameters were preserved during the bend propagation, suggesting that these parameters should be very important to understanding the control mechanism of flagellar movement.Effects of poly amino acid on flagellar movement was studied. Only the basic and high molecular weight (15 KD or more) poly amino acids such as poly-L-lysine (PLL) inhibited the flagellar movement. The bend amplitude rather than the beat frequency was inhibited by PLL. Bends were relaxed even in the presence of high concentration of PLL. These results suggested that the inhibition manner of PLL was similar to that of SPMI in some parts. Therefore, it was likely that PLL increased the inter microtubule viscoelasticity.The microinjection of SPMI into the sea urchin blastomere was carried out. SPMI provided some inhibitory effects in a certain period prior to the cell division.