Development of a curriculum for the primary and secondary levels to achieve accurate understanding of photosynthesis.

通过对新、旧官方科学课程和中小学科学教材的分析，认为在新、旧课程下，学生很难准确地掌握光合现象。我们的研究项目是为了开发一个创新的光合作用课程，在这个课程下，中学生将能够获得他们所希望的能力。在初级阶段，光合作用只在陆生高等植物上进行。在二级课程中，最好同时讲授高等植物和低等植物，因为学生将学习这些植物在生态系统（包括淡水和海水）中作为生产者的功能和作用。我们已经建立了一些模块，这是有用的二级研究光合作用。它们是：(1)利用海藻进行光合作用研究，描述了一种制作漂亮的海藻标本物并保持其颜色的简单方法；(2)叶绿体积累淀粉的电镜检测；(3)用合成染料——白石蓝代替靛蓝来检测光合作用下的氧演化；(4)用“Productmeter”对陆生高等植物叶片的光合作用下的氧演化进行体积测量。最后一个模块与先前开发的使用相同设备测量海藻光合作用活性的练习一起，可以帮助学生定量地理解光合作用。

After analyzing the present and new official science curriculum and the science textbooks for the primary and secondary levels, we concluded that it is difficult for the students to grasp accurately photosynthetic phenomena under the present and new curriculum. Our research project was organized to develop an innovative photosynthesis curriculum under which secondary level students will be able to acquire the ability hoped for. For the primary level photosynthesis is taught only on terrestrial higher plants. For the secondary level it is desirable that the topic is taught both on higher and lower plants because students will study the function and role of these plants as producers in ecosystems including those of fresh-water and sea water. We have made up some modules which are useful for the secondary level to study photosynthesis. These are: (1) utilization of seaweeds for photosynthesis study in which a simple method for making beautiful seaweed herbariums and for keeping their color is described; (2) detection of starch accumulated in the chloroplast by electron microscope; (3) detection of photosynthetic oxygen evolution using a synthetic dye, leucobarbelin blue, instead of indigo white and (4) volumetric measurement of photosynthetic oxygen evolution from a leaf segment of terrestrial higher plant using the 'Productmeter'. Together with the exercise previously developed for measuring photosynthetic activity of seaweed using the same equipment, the last module can help students understand photosynthesis quantitatively.