Researches on the observation of charge distribution inside thundercloud by rocket and the protection techniques of power systems by means of triggered lightning.

自1977年12月22日第一次火箭触发闪电实验成功以来，北陆地区每年冬天都进行这种实验，到1987年总共达到83次闪电。本研究从1988年开始，历时3年，利用火箭携带的测量装置对某试验传输线进行了触发闪电实验，并对雷云下空间电荷进行了测量，3年共触发闪电31次，其中对试验传输线和塔的触发闪电12次。研制了一种新的二级火箭触发方法，并成功进行了三次触发。对雷电触发时间前后的地面电场进行了测量，并进行了电流、雷、闪电放电照片等测量。测量了通过塔架和架空地线的并联电流的特性，并测量了雷电对线路绝缘子产生的过电压。验证了在线路上设置氧化锌避雷器对线路过电压的抑制效果。在对接地线和接地上设置的氧化锌避雷器的冲击试验中，明确了其损坏或击穿与雷击电流的关系。利用带电场传感器和存储器的火箭对空间电场进行了两次成功的测量。雷云内部在海拔500 m左右，电场随高度增加而增大至40 ~ 50 KV/m。通过数据分析，明确了雷雨云内部从地面到空间电荷的分布。

Since the first success of the experiment of triggered lightning by rocket on 22 December of 1977, the experiment in every winter in Hokuriku district was performed, and the total attained to 83 lightnings until 1987.In this research for three years from 1988, the triggered lightning experiment to a test transmission line was succeeded together with the measurement of space charge under thundercloud with the measuring device carried by rocket, The total of triggered lightning for three years was 31 including 12 of lightning to the test transmission line and tower. A new triggering method by two stages rocket was developed with three times of successful triggerings.The measurement of electric field at ground around the triggered lightning time and the measurements of electric current, thunder, and photograph of lightning discharge, etc were carried out. The measurement of characteristics of current flowing parallel through the legs of tower and over-head ground wire was also carried out as well as the measurement of over voltage appeared across the insulater of the line by the triggered lightning. The suppression effect for over voltage in the line by Zinc Oxide arrester set on the line was confirmed.In the striking test to ground wire and Zinc Oxide arrester set on the ground, the relation between the damage or breakdown of them and the lightning current was made clear. The measurement of electric field in space by rocket with electric field senser and memory was successful two times. The electric field increased with the altitude until 40-50 KV/m at about 500 m in altitude inside of thundercloud. From the data, the distribution of space charge from the ground to the inside of thundercloud was made clear.