Development of Simulation Programs for Predicting and Evaluating Indoor Thermal Environment of Passive Heating and Cooling Houses

本研究旨在开发一套被动式住宅室内热环境预测与评估的计算机辅助设计系统。被动式冷暖房是利用太阳热能及自然界的热汇来调节人类居住环境的一种冷暖房。给出了设计被动式供冷供热住宅室内热环境的基本流程图。根据该图，编制了以下计算机模拟程序：（1）住宅季节性空调需求量的简化计算程序;（2）居住空间室内热环境的稳态模拟程序;（3）多空间室内热环境的非稳态模拟程序。我们准备用稳态模拟程序计算占用空间的SET^*（标准新有效温度），该程序包含一些关系式， ...更多信息 相对湿度和平均辐射温度。该程序可用于被动式供冷供热住宅基础规划阶段的室内热环境预测。例如，我们可以决定多少交叉通风是必需的. 3.通过设定Fanger的PMV值，可以模拟考虑入住时间的室内热环境（Predicted Mean Vote），其中增加了遮阳装置的时变传热模型、墙体空间内的空气循环模型等。标准房屋模型的规格可以考虑以下一些条件进行更改：夏季采用遮阳、交叉通风、夜间通风、地冷，冬季采用保温、气密、太阳能集热、蓄热。在-0.5*PMV*+0.5的条件下计算室内空气温度和加热/冷却负荷。根据计算结果，通过辅助加热/冷却时间和要求，明确了被动元件的单独效应或复合效应.对两个试验住宅的室内热环境进行了测量。一个在德山市，另一个在福冈市。分别在夏季和冬季进行测量。实测值与非稳态模拟程序计算值吻合较好。结果表明，该模拟程序可用于预测和评价被动式供冷供暖房屋的室内热环境。少

This research aims to develop a computer aided design system for predicting and evaluating indoor thermal environment of passive system houses. The passive heating and cooling houses use the sun's heat and nature's heat sinks to temper the conditions within human shelters.The results of this study are as follows :1. The fundamental flow diagram was shown to design indoor thermal environment of passive heating and cooling houses. According to this diagram, we made some computer simulation programs as follows : (1) A simplified calculation program of seasonal air-conditioning requirements for residential dwellings, (2) a steady state simulation program for predicting indoor thermal environment of an occupied space, and (3) an unsteady state simulation program for predicting indoor thermal environment of the multi-spaces.2. We are ready to calculate SET^* (Standard New Effective Temperature) of an occupied space by the steady state simulation program, which contains some equations for rel … More ative humidity and mean radiant temperature. This program is available to predict indoor thermal environment during the fundamental planning of passive heating and cooling houses. For example we can decide how much cross ventilation is required.3. We can simulate indoor thermal environment considering occupancy schedule and setting Fanger's PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) of the multi-spaces by the unsteady state program, which is added time-variable heat transfer model of solar shading devices, air circulation model within wall spaces, and so on. The specifications of the standard house model can be changed considering some conditions as follows : Solar shading, cross ventilation, night ventilation and earth cooling for summer, and thermal insulation, air tightness, solar heat collecting and thermal storage for winter. Room air temperature and heating/ cooling load were calculated under the condition of -0.5*PMV*+0.5. According this results, individual effect or complex effect of the passive elements are clarified through the supplemental heating / cooling duration and requirements.4. We measured indoor thermal environment of two test houses. One is in Tokuyama city and the other is in Fukuoka city. The measurements were made in summer and in winter respectively. The measured values agreed well with the calculated ones from the unsteady state simulation program. This confirmed that our simulation program is available to predict and evaluate indoor thermal environment of passive heating and cooling houses. Less