Control of Structure of Photo-Grafted Polymers and Its Application

在本研究中，光接枝作为高分子材料功能化的一种手段被应用于聚烯烃和纤维素，目的是通过控制引入聚合物底物的接枝链的位置来设计产生各种各样的功能。第一阶段以聚乙烯（PE）薄膜为载体，研究接枝条件对甲基丙烯酸接枝链位置的影响，第二阶段研究接枝链位置与接枝聚合物功能的关系，得到的结果如下：1。通过选择合适的聚合体系（气相和液相）、单体浓度和聚合温度以及在体系中加入对苯二酚，可以控制甲基丙烯酸接枝链在PE底物中的位置。液相法制备的4-乙烯基吡啶接枝PE膜对对硝基苯乙酸酯水解的催化活性高于气相法制备的PE膜。与后一种样品相比，前一种样品的特征是接枝链分布在膜表面。由此证实，接枝链的位置特征反映在接枝聚合物的功能上。对PE薄膜的研究结果应用于纤维素。用液相和气相法制备的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝纤维素与二胺反应，得到带氨基的纤维素。所得纤维素衍生物具有铜离子的吸附特性。两个样本的性状差异不大。因此，有必要进一步研究如何控制接枝链在纤维素基质中的位置。

In this study, photografting as a mean for functionalization of polymeric materials was applied to polyolefin and cellulose in order to design generation of a wide variety of functions by control of the location of grafted chains introduced into the polymeric substrates. In the first term, effect of grafting conditions on the location of methacrylic acid-grafted chains was examined using polyethylene (PE) film and then relationship between the location of grafted chains and the function of grafted polymers was investigated in the second term, and the results obtained are as follows :1. Control of the location of methacrylic acid-grafted chains in PE substrate was found to be possible by proper choice of polymerization systems (vapor- and liquid-phase), monomer concentration and polymerization temperature and addition of hydroquinone to the system.2. Catalytic activity of 4-vinylpyridine-grafted PE film, which was prepared with liquid-phase system, toward hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate was higher than that prepared with vapor-phase system. The former sample was characterized by the distribution of grafted chains locarized at film surface compared with the latter sample. It was confirmed thus that the characteristic of the location of grafted chains is reflected on the function of grafted polymers.3. The results obtained for PE film were applied to cellulose. Glycidyl methacrylate-grafted celluloses prepared by liquid- and vapor-phase systems were reacted with diamines to yield celluloses with amino group. The resultant cellulose derivatives were subjected to the absorption character of cupric ion. There was little difference in the character between the both samples. Accordingly, further study will be necessary for control of the location of grafted chains in cellulose substrate.