Parasitic and pathogenic variation of soybean rust fungi and their geographic distribution.

形态学和寄主范围研究表明，世界上已知的豆科锈病病原菌有6种层锈菌属（Phakopsora）、5种蜡蚧属（Ceroteulae）和3种粟锈菌属（Milesterae）。其中，两个层锈菌属的物种是以前未知的。详细的比较研究，在telial形态，寄生能力（如所示的主机范围），和致病能力的大豆和其他栽培豆类导致识别两个层锈菌真菌煽动大豆锈病在亚洲和新热带地区。亚洲真菌为豆薯层锈菌Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow.该真菌对大豆具有强致病性，但对普通豆类不具有强致病性，并且其在田间条件下的主要宿主是大豆（Glycine max）、Fachyrhizus erosus、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、大豆（Glycine soia）、野葛（Pueraria lobata）和野葛根（Pueraria sontana）。另一方面，新热带真菌是山马蝗层锈菌（Phakopsora meibomiae（亚瑟）亚瑟，对大豆具有弱致病性，对普通豆类具有强致病性。其主要寄主是扁豆、红褐豆、菜豆、美洲七叶豆、刀豆、猪屎豆属、和山蚂蝗属（Desmodium spp.）。以前发表的接种实验揭示了亚洲和新热带真菌共有的几种宿主植物（均为栽培的）和两种真菌共有的许多其他潜在宿主的存在。

Morphological and host-range studies showed that six Phakopsora species, five Cerotelium species, and three Milesia species are recognized as the pathogen of rust diseases of legumes in the world. Among these, two Phakopsora species were previously unknown.Detailed comparative studies in telial morphology, parasitic ability(as shown by a host range), and pathogenic ability to soybeans and other cultivated legumes resulted in the recognition of two phakopsoroid fungi that incite soybean rusts in Asia and Neotropics. The Asian fungus is Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow. This fungus is strongly pathogenic to soybeans but not to common beans, and its principal hosts under field conditions are Glycine max, Fachyrhizus erosus, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine soia, , Pueraria lobata, and Pueraria sontana. On the other hand, the Neotropic fungus is Phakopsora meibomiae(Arthur)Arthur and weakly pathogenic to soybeans and strongly pathogenic to common beans. Its principal hosts are Lablab purpureus, Phadeolus coccineus, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Aeschinomene americana, Canavalia villosa, Crotalaria spp., and Desmodium spp.Previously published inoculation experiments have revealed the existence of several host plants(all cultivated)common to both Asian and Neotropic fungi and many other potential hosts common to both fungi.