Hidden Antagonism. Factions and Factional Conflict at the French Court (c. 1280-1380)

中世纪晚期的法国宫廷和贵族社会的特点是深刻的党派对立，到目前为止，学者们一直忽视这种对立。人们只注意到那些冲突升级为流血冲突的星座--例如15世纪初著名的‘阿玛纳克’和‘布尔吉翁’之间的争端。13世纪和14世纪的派系冲突同样严重，但它们以其他方式进行，因此受到的关注较少。事实上，党派之争和派系对立往往是中世纪晚期法国‘政治社会’中最潜在的现象(雷蒙德·卡泽尔)。它们隐藏在协商一致的门面后面，或披着外部观察员和参与者的其他言辞外衣。举个例子：为了确保王室财产的安全，派系争斗是正当的--即使真正的目的主要是将相互竞争的群体排除在王室礼物之外。以往的研究几乎完全是从法律史或思想史的角度来考察这些话语，很少关注它们的派系背景。相比之下，该项目将侧重于冲突话语和派系对抗之间的相互依存关系。这项工作的先决条件是全面调查13世纪和14世纪法兰西王国的派系冲突--这项任务到目前为止还没有进行过。为此目的，将在申请书所列具体方面研究档案和史学资料。在此基础上，将对派系斗争的几个星座进行详细分析。这将与Olivier Canteaut(巴黎)合作完成，后者将作为墨卡托研究员参与该项目。研究结果将发表在一本专著中，坎特奥和申请者将共同负责。

The court and the aristocratic society of late medieval France is characterised by profound party antagonisms that so far have been neglected by scholars. Attention has been paid to those constellations only in which the resulting conflicts escalate into bloodshed - such as the well-known dispute between 'Armagnacs' and 'Bourguignons' at the beginning of the 15th century. The factional conflicts of the 13th and 14th centuries are no less significant, but they are conducted in other ways and have therefore received less attention. In fact, party strife and factional antagonism are most often latent phenomena inside the late medieval French 'political society‘ (Raymond Cazelles). They are hidden behind consensus façades or clothed in other discursive wrappings by external observers and participants alike. To quote an example: Factional ‚aggression ‘can be justified with the effort to secure the royal estate - even if the real aim is mainly excluding competing groups from royal gifts. Previous research has examined these discourses almost exclusively from the perspective of the history of law or ideas and has paid little attention to their factional background. In contrast, the project will focus on the interdependencies between conflict discourse and factional antagonism. A prerequisite for this is a comprehensive survey of factional conflict in the French kingdom of the 13th and 14th centuries – a task which has not been undertaken so far. For this purpose, archival as well as historiographical sources will be studied under specific aspects listed in the application. On this basis, several constellations of factional strife will be analysed in detail. This will be done in cooperation with Olivier Canteaut (Paris), who will be associated to the project as a ‚Mercator Fellow‘. The results of the research will be published in a monograph for which Canteaut and the applicant will be jointly responsible.