Study on Standardized Index of Low-Water Flow Characteristics

根据日本34个坝区的水文资料，对枯水流量特性的一些指标进行了讨论。本研究的内容概括如下：1.研究内容。利用这些流域的水文资料绘制了主退水曲线和流量历时曲线，并讨论了流域地质、主退水曲线退缩常数与枯水流量之间的关系。并将该模型应用于24个水池，研究了第三、四个水箱参数与退潮常数之间的关系。提出了一种构造主衰退曲线的新方法。以日本东部9个坝区的水文资料为基础，利用该方法成功地绘制了主退缩曲线。讨论了利用大兴安岭上游水文资料估算的枯水流量与年降水量之间的相关关系，以及干水流量的时滞。利用日本西部10个坝区的实测径流资料，与水槽模型模拟的相同降水资料的径流历时曲线进行了比较，分析了降水对河势特征的影响。将长期径流的水槽模型和长期和短期径流的LST模型应用于冈山县的4个坝区，并通过模拟验证了这两种模型的适用性。此外，还成功地将水池模型推广到模拟长期和短期径流。

We discuss some indexes of the low-water flow characteristics on the basis of the hydrological data of 34 dam basins in Japan. The contents of this study are summarized as follows.1. Master recession curves and flow-duration curves are made by using the hydrological data of these basins and the relationship among basin geology, recession constants of master recession curves and droughty water discharges is discussed. Moreover, the tank model is applied to 24 basins and the relationship between parameters of third and forth tanks and recession constants is examined.2. A new method for construction of master recession curve if proposed. Master recession curves are made successfully by this method on the basis of the hydrological data of nine dam basins in Eastern Japan.3. Cross-correlation between droughty water discharges and annual precipitations if estimated by using the hydrological data of upper reaches of the River Ooi and the time lag of droughty water discharge is discussed.4. Flow-duration curves based on the observed runoff data of ten dam basins in Western Japan are compared with those based on the runoff data simulated by the tank model using the same precipitation data and effects of precipitation on river-flow regime characteristics are examined.5. The tank model for long-term runoff and the LST model for long- and short-term runoff are applied to 4 dam basins in Okayama prefecture and the applicabilities of two models are shown through simulation. Moreover, the tank model is extended successfully to simulate long- and short-term runoff.