DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPHASE BIOREACTORS INVOLVING ORGANIC SOLVENT WITH SILICONE-IMMOBILIZED BIOCATALYSTS

在非水体系中固定化酶和微生物细胞的载体的开发是一个非常感兴趣的领域。我们将疏水性有机硅聚合物应用于固定化有机介质中的生物催化剂。1.将曾经溶解于少量水或浸渍在含水多孔颗粒中的马肝醇脱氢酶固定在有机硅聚合物薄膜中。这种结构还可以在有机介质中进行简单的固定床操作，用于乙醇的酶氧化和醛的还原，以及耦合底物辅酶循环。2.以正十六烷为有机溶剂，固定化珊瑚诺卡氏菌用于1-十四烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯等液体烯烃的环氧化生成相应的环氧化物。细胞悬浮液中的液滴分散得很好的有机硅聚合物是最适合保持高环氧化物生产率的材料。在o…中为了在更大范围内改变载体的疏水性-亲水性平衡，将细胞固定在由有机硅聚合物和海藻酸钙凝胶组成的混合基质中是有效的。在有机硅含量超过60%的载体中，海藻酸盐的细小颗粒分散在连续的有机硅相中，当海藻酸盐含量超过40%时，相结构颠倒。1，2-环氧十四烷的最佳配方为80-90%有机硅+20-10%海藻酸盐，1，2-环氧辛烷为40-50%有机硅+60-50%海藻酸盐，环氧苯乙烷为近0%有机硅+100%海藻酸盐。最适成分的这种显著变化与底物抑制程度密切相关。这种优化的复合固定化细胞在较长时间的间歇操作后，在两液相中提供了比游离细胞更好的环氧化物产率，并使连续三相生物反应器系统的操作相对简单。较少

The development of supports for immobilized enzymes and microbial cells in non-aqueous systems is an area of high interest. We applied hydrophobic silicone polymer to immobilization by entrapment of biocatalysts operating in organic media.1.Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase,which was once solubilized in a small amount of water,or impregnated in water-containing porous particles,was immobilized in a silicone polymer sheet. This configuration also enabled to perform a simple packed-bed operation for the enzymatic oxidation of alcohol and reduction of aldehyde with a coupled-substrate coenzyme recycling in organic media.2.Immobilization of Nocardia corallina was examined for epoxidation of liquid alkenes such as 1-tetradecene,1-octene and styrene to produce corresponding epoxides in the presence of n-hexadecane as the organic solvent. The silicone polymer in which droplets of the cell suspension were finely dispersed,was the most suitable material retaining high epoxide productivity. In o … More rder to change hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance of the support over a wide range,it was effective to immobilize the cells in a mixed matrix composed of silicone polymer and calcium alginate gel. In the support containing excess silicone over 60%,fine particles of the alginate were dispersed in the continuous silicone phase,and in the case of alginate over 40% the phase configuration was inversed. The optimum composition of the mixed matrix was 80-90% silicone+20-10% alginate for the production of 1,2-epoxytetradecane,40-50% silicone+ 60-50% alginate for 1,2-epoxyoctane,and almost 0% silicone+100% alginate for styrene oxide. This significant change of the optimum composition was closely related to the degree of substrate inhibition. Such an optimized composite-immobilized cells offered the epoxide productivity superior to the free cells in the two-liquid phase after a longer period of batch operation,and enabled to perform a relatively simple operation of a continuous three-phase bioreactor system. Less