Studies on the energy balance in growing pigs in special reference to the effects of feeding levels and behaviour on heat production in pigs.

在低、中、高三个饲养水平和不同环境温度下，心率（HR）与产热（HP）呈显著正相关（r=0.81-0.95）。日站立率（%）随饲养水平的增加而降低（r=-0.80 ^<**>）。产热（HP，kJ/kg·<0.75>h）与摄食水平（M，除以维持水平ME 418 kJ/kg·<0.75>d）、站立min（S，min/h）、摄食后时间（T，h）、上午（P=0）和下午（P=1）的多元回归分析结果如下。(for体重13-15 kg）HP=11.74+ 6.52 M +0.24 S-0.33 T +0.99 P（R=0.85^&lt;**&gt;，n=288，PE=11.6%）（体重38-52 kg）HP= 7.71+ 8.25 M +0.21 S-0.34 T +1.16 P（R=0.92 *，n=288 PE=10.5%）。使用该值，计算1小时静置期间HP的增加为12.6-14.4 kJ/kg^<0.75>。站立消耗的能量占每日HP的2.2- 15.8%。在31 ℃、23 ℃和15 ℃条件下，每只的热耗分别为518、576和926 kJ/kg·<0.75>d。随着环境温度的升高，日HP显著增加。在每个温度范围内，每天躺卧行为的百分比分别为89%、83%、73%。随着环境温度的降低，卧位时间缩短。一头圈养猪的产热为518 kj/kg^<0.75>d。另一方面，在31 ℃时，两只圈养猪的HP为497 kJ/kg^<0.75>d。在15 ℃时，一头圈养猪的HP为926 kJ/kg^<0.75>d，两头圈养猪的HP为744 kJ/kg^<0.75>d。单头猪和双头猪每天卧位的比例分别为73%和81%。

A significant relationship between heart rate(HR)and heat production(HP)was obtained(r=0.81-0.95^<**->) in three feeding levels(Low, Medium and High)and under a different environmental temperature. The standing ratio per day(%)decreased with an increase in feeding level(r=-0.80^<**>). Two results of the multuple regression analysis of heat production(HP, kJ/kg^<0.75>h) on feeding level(M, divided by maintenace level ME418kJ/kg^<0.75>d), standing min (S, min/h), time lapse after feeding(T, hour)and in the morning(P=0)or in the afternoon(P=1)were as follows.(for body weight 13-15 kg)HP=11.74+6.52M+0.24S-0.33T+0.99P(R=0.85^<**>, n=288, PE=11.6%)(for body weight 38-52 kg)HP= 7.71+8.25M+0.21S-0.34T+1.16P(R=0.92^<**>, n=288 PE=10.5%)The partial coefficient of standing(S)was 0.21-0.24. Using this value, the increase of HP during 1 hour standing was calculated being 12.6-14.4 kJ/kg^<0.75>. The energy cost of standing to daily HP was 2.2-15.8 %. Each HP under the temperature of 31ﾟC, 23ﾟC and 15ﾟC was 518, 576 and 926 kJ/kg^<0.75>day, respectively. Daily HP increased significantly as environmental temperature increased. At each temperature range, the percentage of lying behaviour per day was 89, 83, 73 %, respectively. The lying time decreased with a decrease of environmental temperature. Heat production for a single penned pig was 518 kj/kg^<0.75>d. on the other hand HP for two penned pigs was 497 kJ/kg^<0.75>d at 31ﾟC. At 15ﾟC, HP for a single penned pig was 926 kJ/kg^<0.75>d, and 744 kJ/kg^<0.75>d for two penned pigs. The ratio of lying posture perday was 73 %, 81 % for a single and two penned pigs, respectively.