Research of "Incapacity"

日本民法典于1898年生效。从那以后，它的改革只进行了两次（1947年和1979年）。但近年来，许多欧洲国家（法国、德国等）对丧失行为能力法进行了重大改革，日本的丧失行为能力法已经过时。因此，日本改革在以下几个方面是不可避免的。在日本，成年人只有两种残疾。这一制度过于狭隘和僵化，无法处理各种各样的精神或身体残疾。根据日本现行法律，我们不能保护身体残疾的人，因为我们只有由于精神残疾而丧失行为能力。丧失行为能力对残疾人来说并不总是有利的。因此，有必要在现行制度的基础上制定保护无行为能力残疾人的制度。目前，家事法院并没有采取主动，使该制度开始运作。但是，国家的作用必须更大、更重要。

The japanese Civil Code came into force in 1898. And since then its reform was only twice performed (1947, 1979). But recently in many European countries (France, Germany et c.) was performed the big reform of the laws of incapacity and the japanese law of incapacity is nowadays out of date. Therefore in Japan the reform is inevitable in following points.1. In Japan there are only 2 types of incapacity for the adults. That system is too narrow and rigid to deal with the variety of mental or physical disability.2. According to the present japanese law we cannot protect the physically disabled persons, because we have only incapacity due to the mental disability.3. Incapacitation is not always profitable for the disabled persons. Therefore it is necessary to elaborate the system for the protection of disabled persons without incapacitation in addition to the present system.4. Nowadays the family court does not take the initiative in making the system begin to work. But the role of the State must be greater and graver.