Development of Open-cut Mining Simulation System Considering with Environmental Impact Valuation

本项目旨在开发考虑环境影响评价的露天矿开采模拟系统。本研究的内容分为两个部分。一是露天开采引起的地貌变化预测与评价，二是露天开采对采石场周围风系统影响的调查研究，利用数字地形模型模拟地貌随开采进程的变化，并用线框法和多边形法在计算机图形屏幕上显示。使用由计算机图形学和当前外观照片组成的照片进行评价测试。从景观工程的角度出发，采用等级比例法、选择法和语义微分法三种心理测量学方法对采空区的允许规模进行了估算。利用这些方法，可以对采空区的地貌进行定量评价，利用三维计算机图形模拟露天开采引起的地表变形，并可以直观地预测风向变化。利用地势与风向频率之间关系的定量公式，可以定量地预测风向频率的变化。露天采矿采伐森林对采石场周围风速的增加有影响，认为在规划时采用这种环境影响评价体系，可以减少露天采矿对环境的影响。

This project was conducted for the purpose of developing a open-cut mining simulation system considering with environmental impact valuation. The contents of this study was divided into two parts. One was the prediction and evaluation of landscape change caused by open-cut mining, the other was the investigation of influence of open-cut mining on the wind system around the quarry.Landscape changes with the progression of mining were simulated by the use of digital terrain models, and that were shown on the computer graphic screen with the wire-frame method and the polygon method. Evaluation tests were conducted by using of photomontages composed of computer graphics and present appearance photographs. Three psychometrical evaluation methods, rating-scale method, selection method and sematic differential method, were adopted to estimate the allowable scale of mined-out quarry from the viewpoint of landscape engineering. By the use of these methods, it became possible to evaluate the landscape of mined-out quarry quantitatively.Land deformations caused by open-cut mining were simulated with three dimensional computer graphics, and it became possible to predict wind direction changes visually. By use of quantitative formula that showed the relationship between the lay of land and the wind direction frequency, it became possible to predict the changes of wind direction frequency quantitatively. Deforestation according to open-cut mining affects on increase of wind speed around the quarry.It is considered that influence of open-cut mining is reduced if this environmental impact valuation system is adopted at the time of planning.