High-Energy Unstable-Isotope Beams and New Nuclear Sciences

利用后面描述的两个独特的优点，我们建造了一个新的在线碎片(同位素)分离器，并将其连接到LBL的Bvalac上，并在世界上首次用于不稳定核束的研究。在高能重离子反应中产生的弹丸碎片的最大特点之一是，它们都是在碰撞中以与弹丸相同的速度向正方向抛射，即几乎平行于弹丸的动量。另一种是，由于弹丸的高能量，可以使用非常厚的靶，因此通过该过程的任何碎片的产生率都非常高。为了在各种研究中赋予分离的碎片作为探针的巨大能量，即使散射角很小，通过选择碎片的抛射角和碎片动量，也可以使碎片的核自旋极化。两个主要课题之一支持…目前的国际科学研究计划更多的是通过探测SDF壳层中镜像核的核磁矩来研究核中的非核子自由度，即介子和夸克效应。在这项研究中，揭示了探测核子在核中的核子密度对这种研究的重要性，不仅通过不稳定核素的相互作用截面测量，而且通过它们的静态四极矩来研究价核子的空间扩展。在这两种测量中，都有效地利用了发展良好的b-核磁共振。第二个是通过相互作用截面测量来研究不稳定核素在核中的核子相互作用和物质分布。目前的合作工作的科学产出非常高，如《同位素束研究的科学》一书所示。由于生产率的原因，目前的合作将扩大和延长几年。未来将使用的主要设施是美国国家放射科学研究所的HIMAC，这是一种高能重离子加速器。较少

Taking the two unique advantages that are described later, a new On-Line fragment(Isotope)separator was constructed and connected to the Bevalac in LBL,and were utilized for the investigations that are studied with unstable nuclear beams for the first time in the world. One of the biggest character that the projectile fragments created in the high-energy heavy-ion reactions carry is that they are all ejected into forward direction in the collision, i.e., almost parallel to the momenta of the projectile, with the same velocity of the projectile. The other one is that the production rate of any fragments through the process is very high since a very thick target can be used because of the high-energy of the projectiles. To give an enormous power to the separated fragments as probes in various researches, the fragments can be nuclear spin polarized by choosing their ejection angle, even though scattering angles are samll, and by choosing fragment momentum.One of the two main subjects prop … More osed in the present International Scientific Research Program is to ivestigate Non Nucleonic Degrees of Freedom, i.e., meson and quark effects, in nuclei from the detection of nuclear magtnetic moments of mirror nuclei in sdf shells.In this research, the nucleon density of a probe nucleon in nucleus are disclosed important for such investigations that the spacial extension of the valence nucleon are also studied not only through the interaction cross section measurements of the unstable nuclides but also through their static quadrupole moments. In both measurements the well developed b-NMR is utilized effectively. Second one is to investigate nucleon interactions in nucleus and matter distributions of unstable nuclides through the interaction cross section measurements.The scientific outputs in the present collaborative work were very high as shown in the Book of "Sciences Studied by Isotope Beams. "Because of the productivity, the present collaboration will be expanded and extended for another several years. Main facility that will be used in future is the HIMAC in the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, the high-energy heavy-ion accelerater. Less